Peace, security, and conflict prevention : SIPRI-UNESCO handbook

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = xi
• Introduction: A cooperative security system and a culture of peace / Adam Daniel Rotfeld ; Janusz Symonides = 1
• 1 New threats and challenges = 1
• 2 A cooperative security system and domestic factors = 3
• 3 An international security system and the interdependence of states = 5
• 4 From a culture of violence to a culture of peace = 6
• 5 Conclusions = 9
• 1. Major armed conflicts = 13
• 1.1 Introduction = 13
• 1.2 Global patterns in armed conflict in 1992-96 = 13
• 1.3 The civilian toll = 17
• 1.4 The war in Chechnya = 25
• 1.5 Conflict in the former Yugoslavia = 29
• 1.5.1 War in Croatia = 29
• 1.5.2 The conflict spreads: Bosnia and Herzegovina = 30
• 1.5.3 The UN Protection Force in the former Yugoslavia = 31
• 1.5.4 Macedonia = 32
• 1.5.5 Diplomacy after the Vance-Owen Plan = 32
• 1.5.6 The emergence of the Dayton Agreement = 33
• 1.5.7 The uncertain peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina = 35
• 2. Armed conflict prevention, management and resolution = 37
• 2.1 Introduction = 37
• 2.1.1 Conflict prevention = 37
• 2.1.2 Peacekeeping = 39
• 2.1.3 Conflict resolution = 39
• 2.1.4 Peace-building = 39
• 2.2 The United Nations = 39
• 2.3 Regional organizations = 51
• 2.3.1 The Organization of African Unity = 52
• 2.3.2 The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe = 52
• 2.3.3 The Commonwealth of Independent States = 53
• 2.3.4 The North Atlantic Treaty Organization = 54
• 2.3.5 The Economic Community of West African States = 55
• 2.4 Examples of conflict prevention, management and resolution = 56
• 2.4.1 Conflict prevention = 56
• 2.4.2 Conflict resolution = 56
• 2.4.3 Peacekeeping = 57
• 2.4.4 Peace enforcement = 59
• 2.4.5 Peace-building = 61
• 3. Military expenditure, arms production and the arms trade = 64
• 3.1 Introduction = 64
• 3.2 Military expenditure = 64
• 3.2.1 Definitions and methods: understanding figures on military spending = 65
• 3.3 Arms production = 71
• 3.3.1 Characteristics of the arms industry = 71
• 3.3.2 Recent trends in arms production = 72
• 3.3.3 Definitions and methods: understanding figures on arms production = 80
• 3.4 Arms transfers = 81
• 3.4.1 Suppliers = 81
• 3.4.2 Recipients = 81
• 3.4.3 General observations = 84
• 3.4.4 Definitions and methods: understanding figures on the arms trade = 84
• 4. Weapons of mass destruction = 86
• 4.1 Introduction = 86
• 4.2 Nuclear weapons = 86
• 4.2.1 Declared nuclear weapon states = 87
• 4.2.2 Undeclared nuclear weapon states = 87
• 4.2.3 The NPT and the NPT Review Conferences = 91
• 4.3 Chemical weapons = 93
• 4.3.1 Possessors of chemical weapons and allegations of CW use = 93
• 4.3.2 Chemical weapon destruction = 94
• 4.3.3 Old CW munitions = 95
• 4.4 Biological and toxin weapons = 96
• 4.4.1 Possessors of biological and toxin weapons = 96
• 4.4.2 Violations of the BTWC = 97
• 4.4.3 The BTWC Review Conferences = 97
• 4.5 The United Nations Special Commission on Iraq = 99
• 4.5.1 UNSCOM's tools = 99
• 4.5.2 UNSCOM's findings = 100
• 5. Arms control = 102
• 5.1 Introduction = 102
• 5.2 Bilateral agreements = 102
• 5.2.1 START Ⅰ and START Ⅱ = 102
• 5.2.2 The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty = 104
• 5.2.3 The Cooperative Threat Reduction programme = 105
• 5.2.4 Other bilateral initiatives = 106
• 5.3 Multilateral forums = 107
• 5.3.1 The Conference on Disarmament = 107
• 5.3.2 The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe = 110
• 5.3.3 The United Nations = 111
• 5.4 Nuclear weapon-free zones = 111
• 5.5 Ban on anti-personnel land-mines = 112
• 5.6 Multilateral export controls = 113
• 5.7 Summaries of arms control treaties = 117
• 5.7.1 Protocol for the prohibition of the use in war of asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases, and of bacteriological methods of warfare (Geneva Protocol) = 118
• 5.7.2 Antarctic Treaty = 118
• 5.7.3 Treaty banning nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water (Partial Test Ban Treaty, PTBT) = 118
• 5.7.4 Treaty on principles governing the activities of states in the exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies (Outer Space Treaty) = 118
• 5.7.5 Treaty for the prohibition of nuclear weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of Tratelolco) = 118
• 5.7.6 Treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons (Non-Proliferation Treaty, NPT) = 119
• 5.7.7 Treaty on the prohibition of the emplacement of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction on the seabed and the ocean floor and in the subsoil thereof (Seabed Treaty) = 119
• 5.7.8 Convention on the, prohibition of the development, production and stockpiling of bacteriological (biological) and toxin weapons and on their destruction (Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, BTWC) = 119
• 5.7.9 Treaty on the limitation of anti-ballistic missile systems (ABM Treaty) = 120
• 5.7.10 Treaty on the limitation of underground nuclear weapon tests (Threshold Test Ban Treaty, TTBT) = 120
• 5.7.11 Treaty on underground nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes (Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty, PNET) = 120
• 5.7.12 Convention on the prohibition of military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques (Enmod Convention) = 120
• 5.7.13 Convention on prohibitions or restrictions on the use of certain conventional weapons which may be deemed to be excessively injurious or to have indiscriminate effects (CCW Convention, or Inhumane Weapons Convention) = 121
• 5.7.14 South Pacific nuclear free zone treaty (Treaty of Rarotonga) = 121
• 5.7.15 Treaty on the elimination of intermediate-range and shorter-range missiles (INF Treaty) = 121
• 5.7.16 Treaty on conventional armed forces in Europe (CFE Treaty) = 121
• 5.7.17 Treaty on Open Skies = 122
• 5.7.18 Treaty on the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms (START I Treaty) = 122
• 5.7.19 The concluding act of the negotiation on personnel strength of conventional armed forces in Europe (CFE-1A Agreement) = 122
• 5.7.20 Treaty on further reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms (START Ⅱ Treaty) = 122
• 5.7.21 Convention on the prohibition of the development, production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons and on their destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention, CWC) = 122
• 5.7.22 Southeast Asia nuclear-weapon-free zone treaty (Treaty of Bangkok) = 123
• 5.7.23 African nuclear-weapon-free zone treaty (Treaty of Pelindaba) = 123
• 5.7.24 Agreement on sub-regional arms control (Florence Agreement) = 123
• 5.7.25 Comprehensive nuclear test-ban treaty (CTBT) = 124
• 5.8 Parties to multilateral arms control agreements = 124
• 6. The United Nations = 136
• 6.1 Introduction = 136
• 6.2 The United Nations structure = 136
• 6.2.1 The General Assembly = 136
• 6.2.2 The Security Council = 137
• 6.2.3 The Secretariat = 140
• 6.2.4 The International Court of Justice = 140
• 6.2.5 UN criminal tribunals = 140
• 6.3 The evolving United Nations = 141
• 6.3.1 The shadow of the cold war = 141
• 6.3.2 The Military Staff Committee = 141
• 6.3.3 The Uniting for Peace Resolution = 141
• 6.3.4 The Secretary-General = 142
• 6.3.5 The Agenda for Peace = 142
• 6.4 The United Nations and disarmament = 144
• 6.4.1 The Security Council = 144
• 6.4.2 The General Assembly = 145
• 6.4.3 UN Special Sessions on Disarmament = 147
• 6.4.4 The First Committee = 148
• 6.4.5 The Disarmament Commission = 148
• 6.4.6 The Conference on Disarmament = 148
• 6.4.7 The International Atomic Energy Agency = 149
• 7. Regional and subregional security: Europe and Asia = 150
• 7.1 Introduction = 150
• 7.2 European security: the intricate web = 151
• 7.2.1 The North Atlantic Treaty Organization = 152
• 7.2.2 The North Atlantic Cooperation Council and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council = 157
• 7.2.3 The Partnership for Peace programme = 158
• 7.2.4 The European Union and the Western European Union = 159
• 7.2.5 The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe = 160
• 7.3 Asia-Pacific security: the emerging dialogue = 166
• 7.3.1 South-East Asia = 166
• 7.3.2 North-East Asia = 171
• 8. Chronology of major events related to peace, security and conflict prevention, 1992-96 = 180
• 9. Glossary = 196
• 9.1 Terms and organizations = 196
• 9.2 Acronyms = 207
• 9.3 Membership of international organizations = 210
• Index = 216