부모의 공감 및 양육태도와 유아공감 간의 관계:매개적 양자모형 = Relationship of Empathy and Parenting Attitude of Parents with Their Child’s Empathy : A Mediational Dyadic Model

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to examine the influential relationship of parental empathy to preschooler empathy via parental attitude in an attempt to stress the importance of parental empathy as a way to facilitate the socioemotional development of preschoolers and the importance of preschooler empathy. Three research questions were posed:
1. What are the relationships between paternal/maternal empathy and paternal/maternal attitude?
2. What are the relationships between paternal/maternal attitude and preschooler empathy?
3. What influence do paternal/maternal empathy skills exert on preschooler empathy?
The subjects in this study were 280 preschoolers, their mothers, fathers and homeroom teachers in daycare centers located in North Jeolla Province. The preschoolers were at the western ages of four and five. The instrument used to measure parental empathy was Park Sung-hee (1997)'s Empathy Skills Inventory, which adapted Davis(1980)'s Empathic Awakening Test of IRI with some modifications. The instrument used to assess parental attitude was the parental attitude scale that was used in Kho Hyang-hwa(2012)'s study on the relationship of parental behavior to preschooler emotional intelligence. The instrument used to check the empathy skills of the preschoolers was five items that were selected from the emotional empathy subfactors of Kim Hye-ri, et. al.(2011)'s Korean version of EQ-C Scale. The Korean version was a self- administered scale into which the original scale was converted, and then it was validated. This scale was used by all the preschoolers, their parents and teachers. As for the process of this study, the questionnaires were handed out to the fathers and mothers of the preschoolers, and the homeroom teachers filled out the empathy skills questionnaire, and each of the preschoolers was interviewed to evaluate their empathy skills. The collected data were analyzed by a statistical package SPSS 21.0. Descriptive statistical data on frequency and percentage were obtained, and AMOS 21.0 was employed to analyze the structural equation model. The findings of the study were as follows:
First, the empathy of the parents affected their parental attitude, and the influence of their empathy varied with gender.
Second, regarding the influence of parental attitude on the empathy of the preschoolers, the mothers were more influential than the fathers.
Third, the empathy of the fathers had no impact on the empathy of the preschoolers, but that of the mothers exercised an influence on that.
This study attempted to look for connections between the empathy skills of the preschoolers and the parental attitude of their parents, who assumed the primary responsibility for child raising, in consideration of the importance of preschooler empathy. And this study found that it's important for teachers and parents to make an effort to facilitate preschooler development, and that in-depth research efforts should be channeled into paternal roles in the future. The findings of the study are expected to make it easier to seek effective ways of improving the empathy skills of preschoolers, and to lay the foundation for more extensive research into the relationship of the variables.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성과 목적 1
• 2. 연구문제 4
• II. 이론적 배경 5
• 1. 공감 5
• 2. 양육태도 15
• 3. 부모의 공감과 양육태도의 관계 17
• 4. 부모의 양육태도와 유아공감의 관계 20
• III. 연구모형 22
• IV. 연구방법 25
• 1. 연구절차 25
• 2. 연구대상 26
• 3. 측정도구 30
• 4. 자료분석 34
• Ⅴ. 연구결과 35
• 1. 다중공선성의 검토 35
• 2. 측정모형 분석 37
• 3. 인과모형 분석 45
• Ⅵ. 논의 54
• 1. 아버지와 어머니의 공감과 양육태도의 관계 54
• 2. 아버지와 어머니의 양육태도와 유아공감의 관계 55
• 3. 아버지와 어머니의 공감이 유아공감에 미치는 영향 56
• Ⅶ. 결론 58
• 1. 결론 58
• 2. 제언 및 제한점 59
• 참 고 문 헌 61
• 부 록 69