올리버 누슨(Oliver Knussen)의 후기음악에 나타난 선율 및 화성체계 = The System of Melodic and Harmonic Generation in Oliver Knussen’s Later Music

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to examine the life of Oliver Knussen, his system of melodic and harmonic generation that appeared in his later music, and how this system was used in his pieces by analyzing one of his later works.
Oliver Knussen (1952–2018) was one of the most influential British composers and conductors. In his early days as a composer, Knussen attempted to absorb various methods and techniques of other composers including the expressionists. Since showing the beginnings of a new stylistic phase in 1988, he established a system of melodic and harmonic generation, a technical approach of his own invention.
This study comprises two parts: First, an overview of Knussen’s musical life and the characteristics of his music for each period; second, an examination of his methods of melodic and harmonic generation. His methods of melodic and harmonic generation were created based on the rotation technique that can be found in Stravinsky’s late serial works, and in applying this rotation technique, Knussen initially generated basic cells of far fewer than 12 notes.
These basic cells are characterized by repeated pitches and sometimes composed of musical ciphers. Basic cells are used as material for generating melodies and harmonies. These melodies undergo simple rotation and rotational arrays, eventually resulting in rotations, while the harmonies are generated after vertical arrays of rotations excluding repeated pitches followed by inversions and transpositions. The melodic and harmonic system generated by the above procedure became his own rigid system, which enabled strategic manipulation of focal pitches in each movement by concentrating on pitch fields derived from the transposed inversion and rotation procedures.
Finally, Knussen’s melodic and harmonic system may serve as a reference in unifying tonal structures in Knussen’s later musical works, and that this system was the basis for his free composing method based on an intuitive selection of notes.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

스코틀랜드 태생의 올리버 누슨(Oliver Knussen, 1952-2018)은 영국의 작곡가이자 지휘자로 활약하면서 영국 현대음악계의 중심적인 인물로 평가 받는다. 누슨은 작곡 초기 표현주의영향을 비롯하여 여러 작곡가들과 다양한 양식을 흡수하려고 시도하였고, 1988년 이후 새로운 양식의 단계의 시작을 보이면서 자신만의 기법적 수단인 선율 및 화성생성 체계를 구축하게 된다.
누슨의 선율 및 화성생성체계는 스트라빈스키의 후기 음렬 작품에 나타난 순환기법을 토대로 하여 구성한 것으로, 먼저 누슨은 12음보다 훨씬 적은 수로 기본 셀을 만들어 순환기법을 적용한다. 이 기본 셀은 반복된 음고류를 포함하는 것이 특징이며, 음악적 암호를 사용하여 구성하기도 한다. 기본 셀은 선율과 화성을 생성하는 재료가 되며, 선율은 단순순환과 순환적 배열의 과정을 거쳐 순환 음렬들을 생성하고, 화성은 반복된 음고류를 제외한 셀을 수직화하고 전위와 이도의 과정을 통해 생성한다. 이러한 과정으로 생성된 선율 및 화성체계는 누슨만의 엄격한 체계가 되며, 이도된 전위와 순환절차에서 도출된 음고 영역에 집중하여 각 악장 내에서 중심 음고를 전략적으로 조작할 수 있게 한다. 따라서 이러한 선율 및 화성체계가 누슨의 후기음악에서 음조직을 통일하는 역할을 담당하고 있을 뿐 아니라, 이후의 작품에서 음악적 맥락과 직관에 따라 음을 선택하는 자유로운 작곡방식의 토대가 됨을 알 수 있다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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