韓國企業의 連繫貿易 行態와 決定要因에 관한 實證的 硏究 = (An) empirical study on the practices and the determinants of countertrade in Korean enterprises
저자
발행사항
서울 : 明知大學校 大學院, 1996
학위논문사항
학위논문(박사)-- 명지대학교 대학원 : 무역학과 1996. 2
발행연도
1996
작성언어
한국어
주제어
KDC
326.21 판사항(4)
발행국(도시)
서울
형태사항
v, 134p. : 삽도 ; 27cm
일반주기명
참고문헌: p. 109-125
소장기관
Countertrade defined as a reciprocal linkage between sales and purchases of goods, services and technology, and in that role, many enterprises has carried out countertrade as a competitive marketing tool in actively growing business in international trade.
The pattern of countertrade has developed from simple barter to more complicated buy-back or offset which including technology transfer and industrial cooperation of concerned parties. Currently, estimated share of countertrade range from as high as 30 percent to low as 5 percent in international trade.
This study aims to provide a few perspectives on countertrade. It boils down to following three: (A) an objective view on types, magnitude, importance, and motives of countertrade (B) an empirical investigation of the above factors reflected in Korean enterprises of which engaging in countertrade (C) an empirical research of the determinants of countertrade transactions with respect to macro and micro approach.
The data collection methods applied to examine the 15 hypotheses were based on mail survey on the countertrade practices and secondary statistical data on its macro determinants in Korean exterprises.
A response rate of 24.9 percent achived through the survey were acceptable in wiew of the scope of this study. Of all the 320 responses, 172 yielded information of successful countertrade practitioners, 148 reported a failed project.
A rational and systematic model is produced which measures how the practices of Korean enterprises will impact on countertrade projects and identifies some factors that may be more important than others.
Some of the major findings in the study are as follows:
1. A figure of US$1,436 million of Korean trade was cited as involving some forms of countertrade, which was equivalent to 11% of total Korean exports and imports in 1994.
2. In the regional pattern on countertrade, Korean enterprises have conducted most frequent countertrade with People's Republic of China with 44 cases, secondly, U.S.A. with 23 cases, thirdly, Japan and Republic of China with 16 cases respectively.
3. Counterpurchase was the most prevalent form of countertrade with sample sizes, while offset was the most available type with amount basis.
4. Most of enterprises which participate in countertrade were larger on size than those who do not participate. This feature implies that size of the respective enterprises could be a key role in determination of success of countertrade(i.e. larger enterprises are more eligible to absorb or avert risks, if any, which imposed on countertrade).
5. Enterprises which are experienced in countertrade have conducted more international sales than those which have not experienced thereof. The active international participation of the experienced party enable them to have more opportunities in activities of countertrade.
6. The results would imply that there existed relationships between countertraded goods and corporate structures, countertrade types and company sizes, company types and a firms's international experiences, the geographic regions and specific forms of countertrade and countertrade types and industry types.
7. In search of the macro determinants of countertrade transactions, empirical tests are conducted using data from a database which records Korean countertrade transactions during 10 years from 1985 to 1994. Statistical tools of Logistic regression analysis are applied to test hypotheses on the macro factors(i.e. Current account balance, Foreign direct investment, Consumer price fluctuations, External debt. Terms of trade and Foreign exchange fluctuations) of countertrade in Korean enterprises. Results which were obtained explicitly imply that all the macro variables except consumer price fluctuations are insignificant.
8. The micro determinants of countertrade in Korean enterprises may include:
① establishing long-term relationships, ② increasing a firms's sales volume,
③ increasing a company's competitiveness.
This study reveals that countertrade transactions should be regarded as one of the important forms of trade in view of Korea's trading circumstances. Based on the fact that it is crucial to set up more diverse strategy and to overcome protective barriers. Also, it need to be further developed by more widespread knowledge involved in countertrade with a delicate research and analysis.
Inspired by frequent use of countertrade in international trade, Korean enterprises would be obliged to enter into countertrade activities in the near future. Furthermore, to remain competitive in respect of rapidly growing trade ties with eastern Europe and developing countries, they would inevitably be well informed and prepared for its adaptions.
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