수입구조 변화가 국내 주요 제조업경쟁력에 미치는 영향

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The structure of international trade has become one of the determinants of the competitiveness of manufacturing industries as globalization has progressed. Internationally-connected networks provide benefits to consumers and firms through comparative advantage. However, an unprecedented shock such as the COVID-19 and international trade disputes exemplified by the US-China trade have highlighted the shortcomings of internationally-connected networks. These changes in the global economic environment have led several countries to reshape their international economic policies. Considering the trends in trade reform, it has become crucial to assess the impact of import structure on industry competitiveness.
This paper studies the impact of import competition on firm profitability measured by price-cost margins in manufacturing firms in South Korea. Based on firm-level data from ten major manufacturing industries, we find that import penetration itself does not have a significant effect on firms price-cost margins. However, decomposing import penetration leads to different outcomes. Import penetration from low wage countries has a negative impact on firm profitability, which is statistically significant. On the other hand, exposure to imports from high-wage countries affects the price-cost margin not only significantly but also positively. In addition, the degree and statistical significance of the effects varies by firm size. These results imply that there is a notable difference in participating market depending on firm size. Specifically, smaller(larger) companies tend to compete in markets where products originate predominantly from low-wage(highwage) countries. Moreover, import penetration in upstream sectors meaningfully affects the share of the cost of raw material in the total output of its downstream industries.
These results suggest that policymakers need to consider exposure to trade when evaluating or establishing policies to enhance industrial competitiveness. Monitoring and constantly updating the current status of global value chains and the composition of domestic industry will also help the government to timely and effectively deal with international geopolitical issues.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• [표지]
• [머리말]
• [차례]
• 표차례
• 그림차례
• [요약]
• [제1장 서론]
• 1. 연구 배경 및 필요성
• 2. 기존 문헌 검토
• [제2장 연구의 범위 및 자료]
• 1. 연구 범위 및 방법
• 2. 분석자료 기초 현황
• 3. 분석자료 연계방안
• [제3장 주요 제조업종별 교역 및 수익구조 현황]
• 1. 우리나라의 교역구조
• 2. 산업별 수입 침투율 추이와 주요 수입국 특성
• 3. 산업별 가격-비용 마진 추이
• 4. 기업 규모별 가격-비용 마진 추이
• [제4장 수입 침투율이 국내 주요 제조업 수익성에 미치는 영향]
• 1. 실증분석 모형 및 분석 결과
• 2. 수입구조 변화가 주요 제조업경쟁력에 미치는 경로 분석
• 3. 개별 산업의 수입 침투율과 가격-비용 마진 간의 관계
• 4. 제품의 사용 목적에 따른 수입 침투율 영향 분석
• 5. 소결
• [제5장 결론 및 시사점]
• 1. 정책적 시사점
• 2. 결론
• [참고문헌]
• [부록]
• [Abstract]