익산 제석사지 출토 수막새에 대한 일고찰 - 익산 왕궁리유적 및 미륵사지 출토 수막새와 비교를 중심으로 - = A Study of Convex Roof-End Tiles Excavated at the Iksan Jeseoksa Temple Site

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The convex roof-end tiles during the Sabi period of the Baekje dynasty excavated in Iksan have diverse forms per historic site. Moreover, the convex roof-end tiles of Iksan display a unique form different from the Buyeon region as time passed.
The Iksan Wanggung-ri historic site held the most critical position in the process, selectively introducing the technology making convex roof-end tiles in round projection and triangular projection single petal lotus patterns that were popular in Buyeo from the third quarter of the 6th century to the first quarter of the 7th century.
The convex roof-end tiles with round projection single petal lotus pattern excavated from the Iksan Wanggung-ri historic site and Mireuksaji temple site had a significant influence on the development process of convex roof-end tiles with triangular projection single petal lotus flower pattern. In other words, only the end form of the convex roof-end tiles was changed from round projection to triangular projection, but the form of Jabang or arrangement of Yeonja were not changed significantly. For the Iksan Wanggung-ri historic site, the most representative convex roof-end tile forms in the first to 2nd quarter in the 7th century are the convex roof-end tiles with triangular projection arranging 1+8 Yeonja inside flat, low Jabang(Wanggung-ri historic site B1 form) and convex roof-end tiles arranging thick Yeonja closely in a 1+7+14 form inside Jabang(Wanggung-ri historic site C1 form).
With the significant change of the convex roof-end tile form during the Sabi period in Iksan with the construction of the Iksan Jeseoksa and Mireuksa temples, the technology for making the unique convex roof-end tiles of Iksan region produced diverse convex roof-end tile forms. In Iksan Jeseoksa temple, the unique convex roof-end tiles with small, crooked projection with a single petal lotus pattern modeled after the convex roof-end tiles with the small, crooked projection with a single petal lotus pattern popular in the Buyeo Wangheungsaji temple site and Geumgangsaji temple site in the first quarter in the 7th century emerged. On the other hand, Mireuksa showed unique convex roof-end tiles decorated with honeysuckle seed leaf or deforming the convex roof-end tiles with a stamen seed leaf single petal lotus pattern as found in the 1st quarter in the 7th century in Buyeon Jeongrimsaji temple site and Dongnamrisaji temple site.
The convex roof-end tiles with a small, crooked projection single petal lotus pattern among the convex roof-end tiles in the form above were used at the Wanggung-ri historic site as well as at Jeseoksa temple. The convex roof-end tiles decorated with honeysuckle seed leaf or convex roof-end tiles with conventional stamen seed leaf single petal lotus pattern having 6 leaves were not used at the Wanggung-ri historic site. In this aspect, it will be necessary to carefully consider the possibility that the method of making tiles would vary depending on the functions, roles or characteristics of buildings when comparing the Wanggung-ri historic site as the royal court and Mireuksa temple, the temple for the royal court, in Iksan in the 2nd quarter of the 7th century.
Meanwhile, as Jeseoksa temple was rebuilt after a fire (BC 639), the new convex roof-end tile form with honeysuckle seed leaf single petal lotus pattern decorated with honeysuckle seed leaf to the existing convex roof-end tiles with a small, crooked projection single petal lotus pattern emerged in Iksan. The convex roof-end tile with honeysuckle seed leaf that emerged in the Iksan Mireuksa temple in the 2nd quarter of the 7th century was added to the convex roof-end tiles with a small, crooked projection single petal lotus pattern in Jeseoksa temple. The same convex roof-end tile was not used at the Iksan Mireuksaji temple site. The existing convex roof-end tiles with stamen seed leaf single petal lotus pattern continuously developed by changing form. In conclusion, it is necessary to investigate the possibility that the two systems, ‘Wanggung-ri historic site-Jeseoksa temple’ and ‘Mireuksa temple’, operated differently in terms of the manufacturing and distribution of convex roof-end tiles in Iksan.
Next, the convex roof-end tiles with stamen and 8 seed leaves single petal lotus pattern emerged along with the convex roof-end tiles of the Panyukja form with 6 leaves dual-petal lotus pattern around the Iksan Wangg ung-ri historic site in the 3rd quarter of the 7th century around the time of the collapse of the Baekje dynasty. The convex roof-end tiles with a lotus pattern in the forms above were not found at the Jeseoksaji temple site, but found only at the Wanggung-ri historic site and Mireuksaji temple site. However, the Iksan Mireuksaji temple site showed mainly convex roof-end tiles with stamen and six seed leaves lotus pattern.

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