해방후 인천지역의 戰災同胞 귀환과 사회변화

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The atmosphere in Incheon after liberation was peculiar. A foreign settlement was made and many Japanese lived there. And the U.S. Army first occupied the city that had played an important role in modernization during the colonial period. In the result, the weary contemporary history was began again. Most of the war refugees had returned to Incheon came from Hwa-buk in China. Because it is near geographically and Koreans who had lived in all parts of China by Japanese army of occupation gathered together in large numbers especially after Chinese-Japanese war in 1937. But, actually, they had been plundered, severely oppressed and finally driven to their homeland without a penny because of the hostile relations between Japanese occupation forces and Chinese in this area. Unfortunately many Koreans in the northeast Manchuria where the civil war of the Kuomintang and the Communist party had broken out gave up the repatriation. The large-scale repatriation of the oversea war refugees had completed at the end of 1946. After that time, there was the only large-scale influx of the north Korean refugees. Many North Koreans came south over the border after South and North had been occupied militarily by America and Soviet Union after Liberation. The pro-Japanese group came south in the early days, Christians and Right nationalist came south after the decision of Moskva tri-conference, and the landed classes and other residents who felt insecure because of radical reformation in political economy came south together after land reform. Finally, the number of the north Korean refugees exceeded four hundreds thousand. About fifty thousands among them chose to go Incheon because Incheon is a port city and industrial city near Seoul. One of the serious problems raised by the large-scale repatriation of the war refugees was housing shortage. The shortage of houses became more and more aggravated because most of them didn't go their place, but they remain behind. The authorities made an effort to secure a temporary repatriate reception center like a merry-making place for war refugees who slept in a polluted bombproof shelter, street, and under the bridge in an early stage. But most of them established themselves in Incheon so the authorities tried to solve the problem building the prefabricated house in particular area. The house shortage was settled owing to building a collective the prefabricated house. On the other hand, the prefab narrow quarters became a latent social trouble because it was the worst slums in Incheon. It anticipated that war refugees were not the object of tolerance as same race any more, but the object of restraint and isolation. The spread diseases such as social disturbance by collective leprous patients is the extreme example indicating that they couldn't be included deservedly, but they were excluded. Like this, there is no doubt that the inner crack and exclusion had happened in Incheon society during ‘the formative period of new order’ directly after liberation left a scar in the course of making the identity of Incheon today.