古典小說에 나타난 諷刺文學의 精神史的 考察 = A Study of Korean Satire Literature's Spirit History

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Across the ages and countries of the would, the role of satire is to satirize the discrepancies of the era. Since charcteristics of satire is to disparage or make fun of irrationalities and evil and the part of touth and conscrence spirit with keen consciousness of their ages.
Dividing the history of Korean satire into 4 periods, I arrived at the conclusion that each period was unique in its history and situation. The spirit of the age according to the division is summed up as follows.
Firstly, Shilla dynasty achieved the first unification of Korean Peninsula while it lost the wide territory of Kokuryo dynasty forever which covered even the Southern part behind the Yangtse River. After unification Shilla suffered from deepening conflicts between the aristocrats who wanted to succeed to the throne and the expansion of their own political power, As shown in 〈諫獵〉 and 〈花王戒〉the Kings were indulged in luxury and carelessness, Kim Hoo-Jik advised King Jin-Pyung with his death, and Sul Chong used the didacticism of the 〈花王戒〉to instruct King Shinmoon who was moved and called it Commandments for King of Flowers. This proves that both Kim and Sul reflected the spirit of their ages in their literary works well, putting their own vision and spirit as a writer.
Secondly, Korea dynasty may be called the succession of military governments from her foundation by Wang Kun to her fall by Lee Sung-Kge's military coup d'e´tat.
A vicious circle of by and smal coup d'e´tats lead to the appearance of the Choi family military government, Invasion from Yu´an in the north, invasion from the Japanese pirates in the south, and the reckless military government co-operated to put popular feelings into fear and horrer, so the representative 假傳體 literary works, 〈麴傳傳〉and 〈孔方傳〉 satirized the arrogance and dissipation of the military officials in power.
Thirdly, during the first half of Lee dynasty the Kingdom suffered from the aftermath of King Sejo's usurpation of the throne, King Sejo was compared with merciless (항우), in 〈吊義帝文〉, and during the later half of Lee dynasty civic rebellions continued to rise as a result of the ceaseless party strife 〈배비장전〉and 〈양반전〉shows humorously how severe the extortion of the privileged yang ban (Korean aristocrats) was, Owing to Hideyoshi's Invasion of Korea in 1952 and Ch'ing's Invasion of Korean in 1936, national consciousness save birth to new public and women's consciousness, which intensified the penetration power of Silhak thought (practical and pragmatic learning).
Kim Jong-Jik and Park Ji-Won are courageous satirist of their age who betrayed and indicted malice of King and the Yangbans in the feudal society based on the teachings of Chu-tzu, The spirit of these authers is handed down to such modern writers as Chae man-sik.
Fourthly, Sijo, which originated in the middle of the Korea dynasty, implies more mocking and acrimonious elements of satire than prose literary works do.
The Sijo works by Lee Jo-Nyun, Lee Jon-O, Chung Mong-Ju of Korea dynasty and by such loyalists as Sung Sam-Moon and Park Paeng-Nyun reflect keen consistancy and the spirit of the age.
She negative aspects of Korean ancient history up to Lee dynasty from the vertical point of view are conflicts between aristocrats in Shilla dynastry, the military dictatorial government in Korea dynasty, and the party strife in Lee dynasty, The ambition and covetousness of the rulers brought forth miserable torture and unhapiness of the commons. In this situation rightous writers resisted against these evil elements through their satiric spirit can be said to be the true li´terature which represented the conscience and common sense of the age, neither the distorted government patroned literature nor the indifferent escapist literature.
Summing up, the history of Korean satire centered on metaphoric criticism of current events in Shilla dynasty, (假傳體) in Korea dynasty, peoples literature in Lee dynasty, the essence of which in `principle'.