국제환경협력사업 내실화를 위한 국가전략 개발 = Development of National Strategy to Enhance International Environment Cooperation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Korean government is pushing ahead with a five-year plan for green growth to realize the goal of playing as an important role in the field of green growth. To do so, the Korean government proposed four major policy themes such as East Asia Climate Partnership, Green Official Development Assistance(Green ODA), greenhouse gas reduction in developing countries, and green technology assistance for developing countries. Coping with the proposal of the Korean government, the ministry of environment of Korea established three strategies; consolidating cooperation with international organizations for the vision of green growth, extending cooperation projects for the vision of green growth in Asia-Pacific area and increasing green ODA for developing countries, to reinforce green leadership and participate global governance. Since 2006, the total ODA of Korea has consistently increased. Of ODA from the Korean government, international environment related cooperation mainly focuses on financial aid and technical assistance, and it will be more importantly invigorated for developing countries, along with the enhancement of green growth. The goal of international environment cooperation is to solve environmental problems of recipient country, as well as to create and expand the environment market with transferred environment technologies in the recipient countries. Regarding the transboundary issue of environmental pollution, developed countries not only provide environmental aid, but also actively collaborate with developing counties on climate change adaptation, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation. To enhance the effectiveness of international environment cooperation, it should be conducted systematically and tactically. Therefore, the Korean government should understand the mechanism of the current international environment cooperation. This study firstly examines the international environment cooperation of Korea, and secondly make a suggestion for development of national strategy to enhance international environment cooperation. The problematic pattern of Korea`s international environment cooperation is mainly divided into five parts. First, at the stage of developing a new project, only a standardized project assessment such as interview and contingent valuation method is uniformly performed disregarding economic, social and environmental conditions in the field due to the short duration of a field investigation. Second, lack of capable human resources causes the malfunction of a project performance, and consequently possible connected cooperation projects cannot be linked or mislinked. Third, lager numbers of projects regarding the secured specialists in the field and limited amount of financial aid lead to the ineffective project management in both processing and post processing step. Moreover, insufficiency of post project process by inexperience and uninitiate project performance may cause failure of connecting to other sustainable environmental projects. Lastly, incompletion of strategy for fostering of a national consciousness toward international environment cooperation in both short and long term may be a barrier to enhancement of ODA including environment ODA. In order to deal successfully with these problems, the practical methods to maximize efficiency and effectiveness of environment cooperation should be applied as follows. Purposed-oriented and user-oriented on-site investigation should be used at the stage of developing a new project. Also, participatory-oriented on-site project assessment should be conducted. Enhancing educational and career development program to cultivate local environment cooperation specialists is necessary. Collaborating with international organizations and ODA agencies of developed countries can strengthen professionalism, and accumulate know-how to do post project management. Furthermore, using publicrelations can help enlighten public at large about international environment cooperation, and employing high quality human resource in private sector can compensate the defect of project assessment. The premises for development of national strategy to enhance international environment cooperation are to have a differentiated approach in considering Korean environment technologies and needs of recipient countries, to have a prudent approach in considering the global trend of environment cooperation, and to aiming at improving the dignity of Korea and the quality of life in recipient countries through environment cooperation. Then, national strategies to enhance international environment cooperation can be first creating environment aid projects though environmental ODA expert committee, master plan for environment ODA, Korean style environment cooperation contents. The second method is vitalizing environment cooperation through helping developing countries establish environmental technology institute, diversifying regions that projects will implement. The last one can be more actively participating environment projects of international organization and collaborating with other international ODA agencies by dispatching Korean environment experts and penetrating into foreign environment markets.