코스마스의 『기독교 지형학』에 나타난 기독교 확산에 대한 인식과 타프로바네 = Cosmas’ Awareness of Christian Expansion in Christian Topography and Taprobane

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본고는 코스마스가 _기독교 지형학_ 3권 65-66장에서 당시 기독교가 전파되었다고 기록한 지역들을 분석했다. 그는 520년대 아바 마르를 만나 네스토리우스파의 교훈을 수용하였다. 그는 이 저술에서 네스토리우스파가 전파되던 페르시아 교회가 복음을 전파한 타프로바네, 말레와 칼리아나, 디오스코리두스를 제일 먼저 상세하게 서술했다. 다음으로 사산조 페르시아 전역과 박트리아 인과 훈족에게 복음이 전파되었다고 기술하여 동방 기독교의 복음 전파 지역에 관심을 기울인다. 그와 함께 아프리카 동부와 북부, 아라비아반도, 팔레스타인과 메소포타미아, 소아시아와 흑해와 카스피해, 발칸반도와 지중해 주변의 민족들에게 복음이 전파되었다고 기술한다. 그는 이러한 지역들을 언급할 때 부활의 복음이 온 세상에 전파된다는 주님의 말씀이 성취된 것으로 설명한다. 이와 같이 코스마스는 이 책을 저술하면서 자신이 신봉했던 네스토리우스파가 전파되었던 페르시아 교회들에 관심을 가졌지만, 그것을 넘어 복음이 전파된 모든 지역을 기록하는 에큐메니컬 정신을 발휘한다. 그의 기록은 5세기에 동로마제국에서 활동하던 교회사가들이 로마 제국의 교회사에만 관심을 보인 것보다 훨씬 넓은 세계에 대한 안목을 가졌다는 점을 설득력 있게 보여준다. 그렇지만 그는 소파트로스 일화를 통해 기독교화되지 못한 페르시아보다는 기독교화된 동로마 제국을 더 중요시한다.
20세기에 접어들어 불교가 발전한 타프로바네(스리랑카)에서 십자가 유물이 출토되어 제작 시기에 대한 논쟁이 일어났다. 초기에 이 십자가가 포르투갈사람들이 들어온 이후에 제작된 것이라는 주장이 제기되었다. 그러나 코스마스의 저술에 근거하여 타프로바네에서 발굴된 십자가들이 6세기경의 동방 기독교의 특성을 지닌 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이 십자가들은 나뭇잎이 올라오는 모습과 십자가 장식의 끝에 달린 진주 모양, 그리고 밑바닥에 3층의 층계를 가진 동방 십자가의 특성을 가지고 있다. 이 십자가들의 발굴로 코스마스의 타프로바네에 대한 서술이 정확하다는 것이 밝혀졌다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper analyzed the regions in which Cosmas recorded the spread of Christianity in Chapter 65-66 of the third volume of Christian Topography. He met Aba Mar in the 520s and accepted the doctrines of the Nestorians. In this book, he first described the Taphrobane, Malle and Calliana, and Dioskorides which were evangelized by the Persian Church. There the Nestorian Church was working. Next, it pays attention to the area of Eastern Christianity by describing that the gospel was spread to the whole Sassanian Persia and to the Bactrians and Huns. Then he describes the spread of the gospel to eastern and northern Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Palestine and Mesopotamia, Minor Asia and the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, the Balkan and the peoples around the Mediterranean. When he mentions these regions, he explains that the Lord’s word that the gospel of resurrection will be preached all over the world has been fulfilled. As such, Cosmas has taken an interest in the Persian churches where the Nestorian Doctrines was propagated, but it goes beyond it and exerts an ecumenical spirit that records every region where the gospel is propagated. His record persuasively shows that he had a much broader world vision than church historians writing in the East Roman Empire in the 5th century who only were interested in the Roman Empire’s church history. However, he reveals through Sopatros’ anecdote that he places more importance on the Christianized East Roman Empire than the unchristianized Persian Empire.
In the twentieth century, the cross relics were unearthed in Taprobane, where Buddhism developed, and debate over the time of its production took place. Initially, it is alleged that the cross was made after the Portuguese arrived. However, based on the writing of Cosmas, it was found that the crosses excavated in Taprobane had characteristics of Eastern Christianity around the sixth century. These crosses are characterized by the appearance of the leaves rising up, the pearl shape at the end of the cross decoration, and a three-story staircase at the bottom. The excavation of these crosses revealed that Cosmas’ description of Taprobane was correct.

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