清末《女界钟》西源人名地名音译词研究 = A Study on the Transcriptions of Western Personal Names and Place Names in Nüjie Zhong from the Late Qing Dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

本文研究了清末≪女界钟≫中西方人名地名的音译外来词，重点探讨了这些音译词的音译类型、语种来源、语音形式及其汉字表现，并分析了其对近代汉语乃至现代汉语词汇系统的影响。研究发现，当时西方人名地名外来词主要采取纯音译的方式，语种来源多样，以英源为主，也涵盖了德源、法源等其他语言。从汉字的使用来看，生僻字现象较为突出。≪女界钟≫中的一些人名和地名音译词虽延续至今，但更多的音译词在后期经过了调整和变化。此外，音译词大多以三音节和四音节为主，这在一定程度上加速了汉语词汇的多音节化进程。然而，由于音译方式较为简单直接，这些词汇在语音表现上具有较强的随意性，部分音译词的汉字选择生僻且不易理解。同时，还出现了同源异形和误读现象，反映了当时中国社会对西方语言认知的不足。尽管如此，部分音译词仍然沿用至今，成为现代汉语词汇的重要组成部分。本文通过对≪女界钟≫人名地名音译词的研究，为了解清末人名地名音译词的语言特征提供了有力的参考。

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examine the transliterated loanwords of Western personal and place names found in the late Qing Dynasty's Nüjie Zhong (女界钟), focusing on the transliteration methods, language sources, phonetic forms, and Chinese character representations. It also analyzes their impact on the vocabulary system of modern Chinese. The research reveals that transliteration was primarily used at the time, with English as the main source language, along with German, French, and other Western languages. In terms of Chinese character usage, there was a noticeable prevalence of obscure characters. While some transliterated personal and place names from Nüjie Zhong have persisted to this day, many underwent adjustments and changes over time. Additionally, the transliterations were mostly three- or four-syllable words, which contributed to the process of polysyllabification in the Chinese lexicon. However, due to the simplicity and directness of the transliteration methods, the phonetic representation of these words often appeared arbitrary, and the use of obscure Chinese characters made some transliterations difficult to understand. There were also instances of homophones and mistranslations, reflecting the limited understanding of Western languages in China at the time. Nevertheless, some transliterated words continue to be used today, becoming an integral part of the modern Chinese vocabulary. Through the study of Nüjie Zhong’s transliterated words, this paper highlights the significant role of transliterations in the development of the Chinese lexicon and provides valuable insights into the linguistic characteristics of foreign personal and place names during the late Qing period.

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