튀니지의 동수제 확립과 그 한계 = Tunisian Parity Democracy and its limitations

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since gaining independence from France in 1956, Tunisia has developed a nation within a secularist framework, unlike many other Arab countries around it. This was the way the dictatorship in Tunisia chose to run the country even though 90% of the people were Muslims. This led to a much more progressive development in women's freedom and rights compared to other Arab countries which had a decisive impact on women's development. In December 2010, Tunisia experienced a democratic revolution (Jasmine Revolution) in the worst political and economic circumstances which led to the collapse of the dictatorship. During the revolution, women in Tunisia actively participated in the revolution. It also had a direct impact on the process of constructing a new constitution and legislated equal representation of women and men (the parity law) in Electoral law Article 16 (2011) and Article 46 (2014) of the Constitution. In the three parliamentary elections, each party had to submit their candidacy lists based on the parity law. However, the resulting proportion of congresswomen did not change much. There were no detailed mandatory provisions on the list ranking, so male candidates were usually located at No. 1 of the list. Tunisia has about 20 to 70 political parties (average 40) competing per constituency, making it easy for the votes to be distributed. As a result, it was difficult for female candidates located in No. 2 and No. 4 on the list to be elected. The effect of parity will be limited in the interaction with the electoral system and party system.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

튀니지는 1956년 프랑스로부터 독립한 이후로, 주변의 여러 아랍 국가들과는 다르게 세속주의의 틀 안에서 국가를 발전시켜왔다. 이는 전 국민의 90%가 이슬람임에도 불구하고 튀니지의 독재정권이 택했던 국가 운영 방식이었다. 이로 인해 여성의 자유와 권리에 있어서는 다른 아랍 국가들에 비해서 훨씬 진보적으로 발전할 수 있었고 이것이 여권 신장에 결정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 튀니지는 2010년 12월 정치, 경제적으로 최악의 상황 속에서 민주화 혁명(재스민 혁명)이 발생하였고 이로 인해 독재정권은 무너졌다. 혁명을 겪으며 튀니지의 여성들은 적극적으로 혁명에 동참하였다. 또한 새로운 헌법구성 과정에도 직접적인 영향을 미치며 여성과 남성의 동등한 대표성(동수법)을 선거법 제 16조(2011)와 헌법 제 46조(2014)에 명시하여 법제화 하였다. 이후 3차례의 의회 선거를 치르며 각 정당들은 동수법을 적용한 명부를 선거관리위원회에 제출해야 했다. 그러나 결과로 나타난 여성의원의 비율은 크게 바뀌지 않았다. 명부순위에 관해 세부 강제조항이 없어 명부의 1번에 보통 남성 후보자가 위치했다. 튀니지는 한 선거구당 경쟁하는 정당이 20~70개(평균 40개) 정도가 되어 표가 분산되기 쉽다. 이로 인해 명부의 2번과 4번에 위치한 여성후보자가 당선되기 힘들었던 것이다. 동수제의 효과는 결국 선거제도 및 정당제도와 같은 다른 제도와의 상호작용을 통해서 제한될 수 있다.

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