南海農村調査報告 = Survey Report on Farming in Nam-Hae

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Nam-Hae is an island which is located in the southern part of Korea. The 85% of household in the island, however, are engaging in farming, but the average cultivated land of each farm is less than 4.78 tambo which corresponds to almost a half of the average farm size of mainland Korea as a whole. Here, writer has intended to test the following hypothesis;
1. How many precent of the territory is being utilized and what kind of method has been engaging by the people for farming purpose in Nam-Hae.
2. The predominating farming organization and the analysis of their products.
3. Finally, land price was twice as much of Chin ju district in 1960. Then why such a abnormal land price could possibly be formed? For test of the hypothesis, 123 farms in 13 villages, which are corresponding to about 1% of sample ratio, were taken as a fundamental data. The results of this survey were summrized as follows:
Ⅰ.
A. In spite of, relatively, steepness of topography in Nam-Hae;
1) Proportion of cultivated land to the territory was 23.86%, compared with 23.03% of Che ju, and 20.46% of the national level.
2) Proportion of paddy land to the territory was 14.1%, compared with 0.56% of Che ju, and 12.21% of the national level.
3) Therefore, the proportion of paddy to cultivated land was 63.61%, compared with 2.44% of Che ju, and 59.61% of the national level.
Accordingly, much proportion of territory was being utilized for farming, and a higher percentage of land was cultivated as rice paddy in Nam-Hae.
B. As a results, average size of each lot of cultivated land was 229 phyung which was much small compared with 315 phyung of survey done by prof. J.H.Park.
C. The arrangement of cultivated land was not carried out almost by modern method, but by primitive method of hand work. However, that appeared not to improve lakour efficiency, but for land saving.
D. Generally speaking, modern irrigation system was not constructed, but, for the non-irritated paddy land in time of want of rain, a spring was dug, nearly per lot.
E. Ratio of double cropping paddy to total paddy land was 70.8%, compared with 43.47% of Cheju, and 33.04% of the national level. These facts have suggested that, owing to the shortage of land, territory was more highly utilized by farmers.
Ⅱ.
A. We were biased against agricultural products would have been dominated by the special products-such as ramie, citrus, seed products and so on-owing to it's geographyical condition.
Indeed, though higher productivety was recognized in production, these special crops, proportion of these products, to the total output of each farm, to the farm acreage devoted, or to the number of plants cultivated were very small. By the way, the production of agricultural products for commercial purpose seemed to be hestated by the consideration for self-support, capital rationing, distribution of labour, and fertility maintenance of soil by the crop combination. Consquently, 93% of farm acreage devoted was allocated for rice, barly and sweet potato production, whose revenue was 85% of total crop output.
B. Gross revenue level per farm was higher, 43%, than that of the national average which was investigated by Korea. Agricultural Bank in 1960. This fact was coused by (1) relatively much revenue from rice and barly (2) more livestock products (3) some kinds of textile (products) which were woven by hand work of women, up to the present day. Such facts were the result that the industies of crop production, livestock and processing was organically combinated so as to be utilized maximumly given resouces-land and family labour.
C. Cash income in farming was mainly depended on the livestock and special products in Nam-Hae. Food crop were cultivated for selfsupport, particulary, in sweet potato production which is one of main product, its ratio of farmer's consuption was about 94%. On the other hand, commercialized ratio in livestock and special products was more than 90% of total output. These facts have effected to increase the cash income, which was 72% higher than that of the national average.
However, there were some obsticles for the development in raising livestock, such as small size of the cultivated land, the restriction by the land ownership and geographical condition.
Ⅲ.
Unusually higher land price in Nam-Hae would have been possibly formed on the following grounds;
1) The higher land productivity, which was caused by the adaption of the diversified and intensive farming for the saving of the land, was derived from over population owing to unmobility of people-income effect.
2) Welfare and psychological effect of additional purchasing of land.
3) Underestimate of marginal value of their pocket money which was saved up by farming, and so on.
4) Finally, certainty of physical production, especially, in rice crop.
Ⅳ.
therefore, we might conclude that small size of cultivated land of each farm and unusually higher price of land have stimulated excessively to work with family lavour, on the other hand, enforce them to get a undernourished foods in order to fillup their low income level.