이상한 병치(倂置): 막시밀리안 콜베와 나가사키 피폭자의 신성화 = Martyrdom in a Strange Juxtaposition: Saint Maksymilian Kolbe and the Catholic Sublimation of the A-Bomb Victims in Nagasaki

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper investigates the Maksymilian Kolbe cult in the postwar Japanese mnemoscape from the perspective of transnational memory. In retrospect, it is an extraordinary coincidence that Saint Kolbe, the future Polish Catholic martyr in Auschwitz, had engaged in a missionary work in prewar Nagasaki, the historic center of the Japanese Catholic martyrdom in the 1930s. In the memory of postwar Japan, this coincidence became the mnemonic nexus of the Polish Catholic martyr in Auschwitz and Japanese Catholic victims in Nagasaki. By probing the sublime metamorphosis of the A-bomb Catholic victims into martyrs through the Maksymilian Kolbe cult in Nagasaki today, I look into the religious sublime of victimhood nationalism in the transnational memory space. This paper reveals the complicated mechanism in the intertwined memory space of ‘deterritorialization’ and ‘reterritorialization’ through investigating how the transnationally connected memory of the Holocaust and A-Bomb in Nagasaki became nationalistic.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 나가이 다카시, "영원한 것을" 바오로딸 262-307, 2010
• 2 엔도 슈사쿠, "여자의 일생(1부·기쿠의 경우)" 홍성사 323-324, 1986
• 3 슬라보예 지젝, "시차적 관점" 마티 175-177, 2009
• 4 나가이 다카시, "묵주알" 바오로딸 2015
• 5 오에 겐자부로, "말의 정의" 뮤진트리 107-111, 2018
• 6 엔도 슈사쿠, "마음의 야상곡" 홍성사 1996
• 7 나가이 다카시, "눈물이 마를 날은 언제인가?" 해누리 145-, 2011
• 8 오자키 도메이, "나가사키의 콜베" 성모기사회 2006
• 9 권혁태, "나가사키의 종은 어떻게 울렸나?"
• 10 전은옥, "나가사키 평화기행"
• 11 프리모 레비, "가라앉은 자와 구조된 자" 돌베개 91-, 2014
• 12 Immaculate Conception Province Conventual Franciscans of Japan, "聖コルベ來日75周年記念誌" 聖母の騎士社 2005
• 13 遠藤 周作, "新編國語總合" 代修館書店 186-, 2018
• 14 遠藤周作, "女の一生(二部·サチコの場合)" 新潮社 2017
• 15 阪東宏, "ポ–ランド人と日露戦争" 靑木書店 1995
• 16 Stanisław Karjski, "Św. Maksymilian Maria Kolbe o masonerii i Żydach: pisma wybrane" Dom Wydawniczy Ostoja 3-, 2010
• 17 "https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1982/12/14/sainthood/899d8e06-3209-4fd6-90de-d6798f76ee57/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.f3b43b5e2a62"
• 18 "https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-apartheid/japan-pm-ex-adviser-praises-apartheid-inembarrassment-for-abe-idUSKBN0LH0M420150213"
• 19 "https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/15/obituaries/franciszek-gajowniczek-dead-priest-died-forhim-at-auschwitz.html"
• 20 "https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/26/world/poles-vow-to-continue-slain-priest-s-masses.html"
• 21 "https://www.nytimes. com/1982/10/11/world/the-saint-of-auschwitz-is-canonized-by-pope.html"
• 22 "https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1983/04/14/kolbe-anti-semitism-2/"
• 23 "https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1983/02/17/life-saving/"
• 24 "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/japanese-prime-minister-urged-to-embrace-apartheid-for-foreign-workers-10045647"
• 25 "https://www.ewtn.com/library/answers/kolanti.htm"
• 26 "https://www. nybooks.com/articles/1983/04/14/kolbe-anti-semitism-2/"
• 27 "https://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/homilies/1979/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_19790607_polonia-brzezinka.html"
• 28 "html; https://lite-ra.com/2016/08/post-2463.html"
• 29 Kardynał Karol Wojtyła, "Znak Naszej Epoki" 42 (42): 17. X-, 1971
• 30 Konishi Tetsuro, "The Original Manuscript of Takashi Nagai’s Funeral Address at a Mass for the Victims of the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb" (18) : 55-68, 2014
• 31 A. Dirk Moses, "The Holocaust and Historical Methodology" Berghahn Books 276-, 2012
• 32 Jan Kieniewicz, "The Eastern Frontiers and the Civilisational Dimension of Europe" (107) : 2013
• 33 W. Jędrzejewicz, "Sprawa ‘Wieczuru’ Józef Piłsudski a wojna japońsko-rosyjska, 1904~1905" (27) : 60-65, 1974
• 34 Jan Józef Lipski, "Ojciec Kolbe i ,Mały Dziennik’" 38 (38): 19. IX-, 1971
• 35 Susan Southhead, "Nagasaki: Life After Nuclear War" Penguin Books 172-176, 2016
• 36 Takahashi, Shinji, "Nagasaki ni atte Tetsugaku suru" Hokuju Publishing Co 108-, 1994
• 37 Sono Ayako, "Miracles: A Novel" Merwin Asia 2016
• 38 Chaim Noy, "Memory, Media, and Museum Audience’s Discourse of Remembering" 15 (15): 31-32, 2018
• 39 Jie-Hyun Lim, "Memory in a Global Age: Discourses, Practices and Trajectories" Palgrave Macmillan 138-162, 2010
• 40 Ronald Modras, "Martyrs of Charity part 2" St. Maximilian Kolbe Foundation 373-, 1989
• 41 Larry Wolff, "Inventing Eastern Europe" Stanford University Press 1994
• 42 Gwyn Maclelland, "Guilt, Persecution, and Resurrection in Nagasaki: Atomic Memories and the Urakami Catholic Community" 18 (18): 239-, 2015
• 43 Kristin Kopp, "Germany’s Wild East: Constructing Poland as Colonial Space" The University of Michigan Press 2012
• 44 Timothy Snyder, "Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin" Basic Books 37-, 2010