시민의 행동에 대한 경찰관의 부정적 인식과 적극적 경찰활동의 위축 = The relationships between police officers` negative perceptions of citizen behavior and withdrawal from proactive policing activities

국문 초록 (Abstract)

지금까지 경찰-시민과의 관계에 대한 연구들은 주로 경찰에 대한 시민들의 인식이 경찰의 협력과 같은 시민들의 태도 등에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 주로 초점을 두어왔다. 그러나 반대로 경찰관이 느끼는 시민들의 행동에 대한 인식이 경찰관의 법 집행이나 경찰활동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 대해서는 상대적으로 관심이 부족해 왔으며 그에 따른 실증적 연구도 미흡한 실정에 있다. 이러한 점에서, 본 연구는 경찰관들이 갖는 시민의 행동에 대한 부정적 인식이 적극적 경찰활동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 대해 실증적으로 검증하고자 한다. 본 연구의 목적을 위하여 327명의 일선 현장 경찰공무원을 대상으로 수집된 설문데이터를 활용하여 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 오늘날 시민의 행동에 대한 경찰관의 부정적 인식은 적극적 경찰활동의 감소와 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 오늘날 시민들이 경찰관에게 더욱 저항적·폭력적이며 경찰의 지시 및 요구에 순응하지 않는다고 인식하는 경찰관일수록 적극적·능동적 경찰활동에 관여할 개연성이 낮고 소극적이며 위축된 경찰활동을 선호할 가능성이 높음을 시사한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Studies on the police-public relationship, up to date, have mainly focused on how citizens` perceptions of the police affect their attitudes toward police and behavior such as cooperation with the police. However, there has been little attention to and research on how police officers` perceptions of citizens` behavior impinge on their attitudes and beliefs about withdrawing from proactive policing activities. Thus, this study examines the extent to which officers` negative perceptions of citizen behavior contribute to their attitudes and beliefs about withdrawing from proactive policing. Using survey data from 327 police officers, the current study estimates an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model with robust standard errors. The results indicated that officers` negative perceptions of citizen behavior were closely associated with the reduction in proactive policing, suggesting that officers who harbored negative attitudes toward citizen behavior were more likely to be less willing to engage in proactive or self-initiated activities.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 Ⅲ. 연구방법 및 분석 Ⅳ. 분석결과 Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론 참고문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 황문규, "형사법 편향적 경찰활동에 대한 비판적 고찰" 한국경찰법학회 18 (18): 55-82, 2020
• 2 "중앙일보"
• 3 행정안전부, "제복공무원에 대한 갑질 이제 그만"
• 4 주성빈, "능동적 경찰 활동의 영향 요인:「경찰관 직무집행법」제2조 제5호를 중심으로" 한국융합과학회 10 (10): 119-138, 2021
• 5 김태진, "경찰활동의 하자와 국가배상책임-적극적 경찰활동기법과 미국의 배상제도를 중심으로-" 한국공안행정학회 (22) : 259-288, 2006
• 6 김관선, "경찰공무원의 폭력피해가 소진에 미치는 영향" 경운대학교 대학원 2017
• 7 이재영, "경찰공무원의 폭력피해 영향요인 분석" 경찰대학 21 (21): 75-104, 2021
• 8 Brown, M. K., "Working the street: Police discretion and the dilemmas of reform" Russell Sage Foundation 1981
• 9 Tabachnick, B. G., "Using multivariate statistics(7th ed" Pearson/Allyn & Bacon 2019
• 10 Hayes, A. F., "Using heteroskedasticity-consistent standard error estimators in OLS regression : An introduction and software implementation" 39 : 709-722, 2007
• 11 Reuss-Ianni, E., "Two cultures of policing: Street cops and management cops" Transaction 2011
• 12 Hosko, R. T., "Through police eyes-The Ferguson effect scare" 23 (23): 2-, 2018
• 13 Nix, J., "Third-person perceptions, hostile media effects, and policing : Developing a theoretical framework for assessing the Ferguson effect" 51 : 24-33, 2017
• 14 MacDonald, H., "The war on cops: How the new attack on law and order makes everyone less safe" Encounter Books 2016
• 15 Sunshine, J., "The role of procedural justice and legitimacy in shaping support for policing" 37 (37): 513-548, 2003
• 16 Serva, M. A., "The reciprocal nature of trust : A longitudinal study of interacting teams" 26 (26): 625-648, 2005
• 17 Ramsey, C., "The president`s task force on 21st century policing" Office of Community Oriented Policing Services 2015
• 18 Mourtgos, S. M., "The overlooked perspective of police trust in the public : Measurement and effects on police job behaviors" 31 (31): 639-672, 2020
• 19 Nix, J., "The impact of negative publicity on police self-legitimacy" 34 (34): 84-108, 2017
• 20 MacDonald, J. M., "The effectiveness of community policing in reducing urban violence" 48 (48): 592-618, 2002
• 21 Cohen, J., "The earth is round (p < .05)" 49 (49): 997-1003, 1994
• 22 Kwak, H., "The code of the street and cooperation with the police: Do codes of violence, procedural injsutice, and police ineffectiveness discourage reporting violent victimization to the police?" 60 (60): 25-34, 2019
• 23 Wolfe, S. E., "The alleged"Ferguson Effect"and police willingness to engage in community partnership" 40 (40): 1-10, 2016
• 24 StataCorp, "Stata statistical software: Release 13"
• 25 Paoline, E. A., "Shedding light on police culture : An examination of officers`occupational attitudes" 7 (7): 205-236, 2004
• 26 Nix, J., "Sensitivity to the Ferguson effect : The role of managerial organizational justice" 47 : 12-20, 2016
• 27 Torres, J., "Role conflict and the psychological impacts of the post-ferguson period on law enforcement motivation, cynicism, and apprehensiveness" 33 : 358-374, 2018
• 28 Culhane, S. E., "Public perceptions of the justifiability of police shootings : The role of body cameras in a pre-and post-Ferguson experiment" 19 (19): 251-274, 2016
• 29 Kubrin, C. E., "Proactive policing and robbery rates across U.S. cities" 48 (48): 57-97, 2010
• 30 Mohler, M., "Policing in an era of sousveillance : A randomised controlled trial examining the influence of video footage on perceptions of legitimacy" 2021
• 31 Greene, J. R., "Policies, Processes, and Decisions of the Criminal Justice System, 3" 299-501, 2000
• 32 Hughes, T., "Police officers and civil liability : The ties that bind" 24 (24): 240-262, 2001
• 33 Stone, A. R., "Police administration: An introduction" Prentice Hall Career and Technology 1994
• 34 Muir, W. K., "Police : Streetcorner politicians" University of Chicago Press 1977
• 35 Ariel, B., "Paradoxical effects of self-awareness of being observed : Testing the effect of police body-worn cameras on assaults and aggression against officers" 14 : 19-47, 2018
• 36 Kwak, H., "Neighbourhood characteristics and confidence in the police in the context of South Korea" 29 (29): 599-612, 2019
• 37 Herbert, S., "Morality in law enforcement : Chasing"bad guys"with the Los Angeles police department" 30 : 798-818, 1997
• 38 Worden, R., "Mirage of police reform : Procedural justice and police legitimacy" University of California Press 2017
• 39 Nix, J., "Management-level officers` experiences with the Ferguson effect" 41 (41): 262-275, 2018
• 40 Ferrin, D. L., "It takes two to tango : An interdependence analysis of the spiraling of perceived trustworthiness and cooperation in interpersonal and intergroup relationships" 107 (107): 161-178, 2008
• 41 Raudenbush, S. W., "Hierarchical linear models" SAGE 2002
• 42 Agnew, R., "Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency" 30 (30): 47-88, 1992
• 43 Morgan, S. L, "Ferguson, Gray, and Davis: An analysis of recorded crime incidents and arrests in Baltimore City, March 2010 through December 2015"
• 44 Marier, C. J., "Feeling blue : Officer perceptions of public antipathy predict police occupational norms" 44 (44): 836-857, 2019
• 45 Lichtblau, E., "F.B.I. Director Says 'Viral Video Effect' Blunts Police Work"
• 46 Phillips, S. W., "Exploring law enforcement`s views of de-policing : A vignette research design" 33 (33): 178-191, 2020
• 47 Westmarland, L., "Dodgy customers? Can the police ever trust the public?" 4 (4): 291-297, 2010
• 48 Sampson, R. J., "Deterrent effects of the police on crime : A replication and theoretical extension" 22 (22): 163-189, 1988
• 49 Chanin, J., "Depolicing as dissent shirking : Examining the effects of pattern or practice misconduct reform on police behavior" 43 (43): 105-126, 2018
• 50 Oliver, W. M., "Depolicing : Rhetoric or Reality" 28 (28): 437-461, 2017
• 51 Marier, C. J., "Demonstrations, demoralization, and de-policing" 19 (19): 693-719, 2020
• 52 Shjarback, J. A., "De-policing and crime in the wake of Ferguson : Racialized changes in the quantity and quality of policing among Missouri police departments" 50 : 42-52, 2017
• 53 Mac Donald, H., "De-policing"
• 54 Rushin, S., "De-policing" 102 : 721-782, 2017
• 55 Flanagan, T. J., "Customer perspectives on police operational strategy" 75 : 1276-1299, 1985
• 56 Boateng, F., "Crime reporting behavior : Do attitudes toward the police matter" 33 (33): 2891-2916, 2018
• 57 Nix, J., "Compliance, noncompliance, and the in-between : Causal effects of civilian demeanor on police officers` cognitions and emotions" 15 (15): 611-639, 2019
• 58 Nix, J., "Command-level police officers’perceptions of the"war on cops"and de-policing" 35 (35): 33-54, 2018
• 59 "Chicago police say officer didn`t shoot suspect beating her, fearing scrutiny"
• 60 Morin, R., "Behind the badge: Amid protests and calls for reform, how police view their jobs, key issues and recent fatal encounters between blacks and police" The Pew Research Center
• 61 경찰청, "2019 경찰통계연보" 2019