속초시의 월남재민취락의 형성과정과 구조적 특색에 관한 연구 = Developmental Process and Structure of Refugee Settlement in Sock Cho City , Kangwon Province in Korea
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1988
작성언어
Korean
KDC
374.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
22-42(21쪽)
제공처
소장기관
This study is focused on investigating the developmental process and structural characteristics of the refugee settlements in Korea through a close examination of those at Chung-ho Dong North Korean refugee settlement, which was established after the Korean War (1950. 6∼1953. 7), in Sokcho City, Kangwon Province. Lacking in the related materials owing to the micro area, field investigation was adopted as main study method, and various maps, available statistics, and questionnaires were also used.
Those who settled in the area just after the ceasefire agreement(1953.7) were fishermen from Ham Gyoung South Province, North Korea, and they took fishing boats to come into South Korea to seek refuge. On crossing the 38th parallel into the South, most of the refugees cast anchors at fishing ports along the eastern coast of the peninsula with the exception of the minority accommodated in the refugee camps. Those people on the boats hoped for and awaited a favorable change for them to return back home. On their way to the North with the advance of the South army toward the north, they came into the area in large number and established the settlement between 1953 and 1954 with the truce of the war being made.
The refugee settlement was located on the hills in the north of Chung-Cho lake and on the sand bar along the coastline. Little farmland was found in the area at that time and the function of the area as a settlement or a fishing port was of no value. But this residual area, built disorderly by the refugees who had made their living by fishing in the North, has become a major settlement of Sokcho City by its continuous expansion of the settlement.
The main road in Chung-Ho Dong runs straight through the village, having been built before the making of the refugee settlement, and this road has had great influence on the general shape and functional arrangements of the settlement from the beginning. But this road was broken off when Chung-Cho lake was made into a sea port, and ferries have been used since that time between Chung-Ho Dong and Choongang Dong, its neighbor district.
Houses are distributed all over the settlement, and they face toward the south due to the strong influence of the west wind all year around. Functional facilities such as schools, factories, shipyards, office buildings, which take up large space, are located on the hills and along the southern lakeside of Chung-Cho lake. Shops on both sides of the main road are rather small and deal in groceries and daily necessities.
In the movement of population, emigration is conspicuous. They usually move out to the larger cities, industrial cities, or seaside districts of Gangwon Province, which is largely due to poor fishing and poverty, regardless of the fishing season. Population of younger children, thirties, and early forties is relatively small because of the moving out. This kind of population migration and population structure shows insignificant characteristics of the refugee.
Such factors as large inflow of refugees in a short period, confined land, and temporal residence of the refugee made early houses small, and repeated extension and rebuilding of the houses from then on resulted in various housing structures today.
Late depression in industries related to fishery, which is the basis of economy in the area, is responsible for the serious decline of the population in the area.
The fact that people along the east costline share similar manners and customs, and that most of the refugees were fishermen explains why they have little trouble between people from other districts of the South. But the inferior residential environment causes this area to be of low social status among the districts of the city. Though they still maintain their own traits in food, language, cultural events and so on, it is expected that they will gradually lose those characteristics on account of the interchange of the inhabitants between other districts and death of the refugee generation.
It is considered that further efforts, from now on, should be made on the study of social and economic characteristic as well as the comparative analysis between refugee settlements. Also it is recommended that this study should be linked with such studies as anthropology and sociology.
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