한국 사법제도의 국제비교와 효율성 개선방안 = 소액심판의 강제약식조정제도 도입

국문 초록 (Abstract)

오늘날 선진사법제도는 법적 분쟁을 치유하기 위해서 법률가의 역량을 새로운 ‘치료법학’ 영역에로 집중하고 있다. 중국, 한국 등은 유교문화의 영향으로 법전문가와 일반인 사이의 법문화(교육)의 격차가 크기 때문에 전통적으로 법적 분쟁해결에는 법관의 판결과 화해(mediation) 또는 조정(conciliation)을 조합하였다. 한국의 법문화와 법치주의 하에서 양산되는 법적 분쟁을 합리적으로 해결하고, 또 실질적 사법 효율성을 제고할 수 있는 사법 조정의 개선방안을 검토한다.
이를 위해서 사법제도의 국제비교지표에 비춰서 한국 사법제도의 수준과 특성을 살펴본다. 한국 의 1970～2010년 동안 재판통계를 분석하면, 급증하는 민사본안사건 중에서 소액심판사건이 85～70%를 차지하지만, 실제 법관 및 법원의 재량으로 민사조정에 회부되는 사건은 3～5%로 매우 낮다. 이에 반해서 오늘날 common law의 영미법에서는 전체 1심 민사사건 중에서 1～3%만 재판으로 선고되고 나머지 사건은 사법조정(중재, 화해)으로 해결되고 있다. 더구나 civil law의 대륙법(프랑스, 독일, 북유럽, 일본)에서도 재판의 비율이 20～35% 정도로 낮은 반면에, 나머지 사건은 약식심판과 조기조정의 사법조정으로 해결되고 있다.
우리나라의 민사조정은 법관의 재량에 의존할 뿐만 아니라 변호사의 민사조정에 참여를 제약하므로 민사조정의 성립률이 낮다. 필자는 민사조정법의 개정으로 소액사건에 대해 1～2주 이내의 강제조정과 변호사의 조정 보수의 보장을 제안한다. 우리는 조정인력을 확보하기 위해서 지방법원에 변호사와 법학(비법학) 교수 및 전문직 종사자(민간전문가 포함) 풀(pool)을 구축하고, 또한 법학전문대학원(법과대학 포함) 재학생의 리걸 클리닉을 통해서 법교육의 개선과 법문화의 증진을 기대할 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Advanced judicial states such as Common Law and EU have focused on new area of therapeutic jurisprudence for lawyer’s competence to resolve legal disputes. In confucian tradition of Korea and China etc, judges made use of combination between judgment and mediation or conciliation because of a deep gap of legal culture(education) between legal professionals and laymen.
This paper includes the judicial remedies to resolve a shrinking civil cases and raise an efficiency of trials in substance in condition of existing legal culture and constitutionalism. I will review the level and attributes of Korean court in the right of international comparison of court system.
When Korean trial statistics was analysed from 1970 to 2010, small claims suits occupied 70～85 percent of total merits of a civil case and ratio of civil mediation case to total civil suits has been low than three or five percent by discretion of judge and court of a lawsuit.
In contrast common law"s states have made a ruling only one or three percent of total civil suits by judgment, but the rest cases have been resolved by judicial dispute resolution as well as compulsory mediation. Moreover, France, Germany, and Scandinavian countries, and Japan of civil law have sentenced 20～35 percent of total civil cases by judgment, but the rest suits have been resolved by judicial dispute resolution including such as mini-trial and early-mediation.
civil mediation such as early-mediation and mini-trial has not only been relied upon a judge"s discretion, but lawyer has also kept from taking part in a judicial dispute resolution, it leads to a low valid of JDR. I may put forward both compulsory judicial dispute resolution(mini-trial, or early-mediation) within a one or two weeks and assurance of lawyer"s compensation in JDR with an amendment of civil mediation act.
Now we can look forward to constructing the pool of alternative human resources of lawyers and law professors and civil professionals in district courts, and advancing the quality of legal education through legal clinics for law students, and progressing of legal culture in Korea.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 논문요지
• Ⅰ. 현대 재판의 치료법리(therapeutic jurisprudence)
• Ⅱ. 선진사법의 국제비교지표에 비춰본 한국 사법제도의 평가
• Ⅲ. 조정제도와 사법효율성의 관계
• Ⅳ. 한국 사법제도의 현황과 과제
• Ⅴ. 결론 : 소액심판조정 활성화 및 법교육(Legal Clinic) 개선
• <참고문헌>

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