전과정평가(LCA)를 이용한 건축자재별 환경영향 비교 분석_건축용 목재 및 콘크리트 종류별 중심으로 = Comparative analysis of Environmental Impact of Each Building Material using Life Cycle assessment(LCA)_Focusing on Types of Construction Wood and Concrete

국문 초록 (Abstract)

목적:건설분야는 탄소중립 실현에 있어서 상당히 중요한 부문을 차지한다. 현대 사회에서의 건축은 빠른 속도로 성장하였고, 시멘트 및 콘크리트 등 기초자재는 건축 발전에 커다란 일조를 하였다. 이러한 자재들은 원료채취나 생산과정에서 다량의 지구온난화물질이 배출되어 심각한 환경오염을 일으키고 있다. 이에 지구온난화를 늦추기 위한 탄소저감 대책 전략 수립을 위하여 건축자재별로 환경영향을 비교하여 현 시점을 보여주고자 하였다.
방법:국립산림과학원에 위치한 2층 구조인 목조주택(건축면적 128.67m2, 연면적 235.73m2)을 대상으로 투입된 건설자재에 대한 LCI DB를 추출하였다. 이에 전과정평가 방법론을 통해 원료채취, 자재생산, 수송단계까지 소모되는 자원을 LCA 수행이 가능한 데이터로 가공 후 진행하였다. 이에 환경성적표지 영향평가방법을 기준으로 실제 투입된 주요 건축자재에 대한 환경영향범주 및 타 건축자재 비교 등 연구를 수행하였다.
결과 및 토의:목조주택에 투입된 콘크리트[25-21-120] 및 건축용 목재의 환경영향 분석시, 제조단계에 비해 제조전단계에서 평균 98.79%로 환경영향이 높은 것으로 나타났고, 콘크리트를 건축용 목재로 대체시 1 m3당 62.21 kg CO2-eq의 저감 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 시나리오를 통해 전면 목재로 대체시 최대 36%까지 탄소저감 효과가 있었다. 그 외 추가적으로 주요 건축자재별로 환경영향을 정량적으로 수치화하였다.
결론:목조주택 건축시, 목재 사용량만큼 콘크리트 사용량 절감은 온실가스 감축효과가 기대되므로 콘크리트를 대체할 생산공정에서부터 생산 이후 단계까지 건축용 목재의 활성화가 필요한 시점이다. 추가적으로 시공 시 환경영향이 낮은 건축기술 개발에 대한 후속 연구도 이어져야 하겠다. 본 연구는 콘크리트를 건축용 목재로 대체시 m3당 CO2 저감량을 정량화했다는 정량적인 결과와 주요 건설 자재별로 6대 환경영향범주를 수치적으로 비교 분석하였다는 점에서 추후 건설 분야의 R&D 및 정책에 대한 유용한 지표로 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objectives:The construction sector is a very important sector in achieving carbon neutrality. In modern society, construction has grown rapidly, and basic materials such as cement and concrete have contributed greatly to the development of construction. These materials emit a large amount of global warming substances during the raw material extraction and production process, causing serious environmental pollution. In order to establish a carbon reduction strategy to slow down global warming, we compared the environmental impacts of each building material and showed the current situation.
Methods:The LCI DB for the construction materials used in the two-story wooden house (Building area 128.67m2, total floor area 235.73m2) located in the National Institute of Forest Science was extracted. Then, the data for LCA was processed and performed through the life cycle assessment methodology for the resources consumed from raw material collection, material production, and transportation stages. Then, based on the environmental performance labeling impact assessment method, a study was conducted on the environmental impact categories of the actual construction materials used and comparisons with other construction materials.
Results and Discussion:When analyzing the environmental impact of concrete [25-21-120] and construction wood used in wooden house, the environmental impact was found to be 98.79% higher on average in the pre-manufacturing stage than in the manufacturing stage, and construction wood was confirmed to have a reduction effect of 62.21 kg CO2-eq per 1 m3 compared to concrete. Through the scenario, there was a carbon reduction effect of up to 36% when the entire area was replaced with wood. In addition, the environmental impact by major construction material was quantitatively quantified.
Conclusion:When building a wooden house, reducing the amount of concrete equivalent to the amount of wood is expected to have a greenhouse gas reduction effect, so it is time to activate construction wood from the production process to the post-production stage to replace concrete. In addition, follow-up research on the development of construction technology with low environmental impact during construction should be continued. This study is expected to be used as a useful indicator for R&D and policies in the construction field in the future, as it quantitatively quantified the amount of CO2 reduction per m3 when replacing concrete with construction wood and numerically compared and analyzed six major environmental impact categories by major construction materials.

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