19세기 판부(判付) 위조 사례 검토 - 1863년(철종 14) 이정구(李廷九) 등 상언을 중심으로 - = Review of Counterfeit Panbu(判付) in the 19th Century - Focusing on the Sang-eon(上言) written by Lee Jeong-gu and Others in 1863 -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to examine the authenticity of the Panbu(判付), described in Sang-eon (上言), written by Lee Jeong-gu(李廷九) and others in 1863, and to examine the punishment for forgery of Panbu. ‘Lee Jeong-gu and others’ Sang-eon’ is a document requesting the award of a Jeongryeo(旌閭) to Noh Gwang-won(盧光源), who lived in Gangjin(康津). The Panbu recorded Sang-eon(上言) here has four problems: ① forgery of Gyejain(啓字印), ② error in the location of Gyejain, ③ omission of the date of creation of the document, ④ error in the location of the king’s disposition. Due to these problems, the judgment We were able to conclude that it was a forgery. When looking at this from the perspective of forgery crimes, it can be broadly divided into forgery of Gyejain and forgery of king’s disposition. In Joseon, forgery of Gyejain was considered no different from forgery of royal seals, and forgery of disposition contents was regarded as no different from forgery of king’s order, and the punishment was death by beheading. However, in the late Joseon Dynasty, as the desire to rise in status and the pursuit of economic gain increased, counterfeit crimes were also increasing.
If we look at the results of punishment for the forgery of Sang-eon, it is confirmed that the award of Jeongryeo was made to Noh Gwang-won in 1864, but in other data, it is explained that this Jeongryeo was not due to Sang-eon but by the recommendation of a Jeolla-do governor(全羅道觀察使). In addition, since there is no record of punishment related to Sang-eon, this paper assumes that the Sang-eon was not submitted to mediation. ‘Lee Jeong-gu and others’ Sang-eon’ is material that shows the reality of forgery of Panbu, which was unknown until now. Above all, it is worth noting that it is the first case of forgery of Panbu reported in the related field, and I think there is ample room for it to be utilized in various ways as it is material that shows the aspirations of the people at the time for Jeongryeo.