현도(絃鼗)에 관한 고찰 = A STUDY ON HYONDO

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In AkHakKweBom, the instruments are divided into three catagories of aakki, yangakki, and dangakki. And aakki is introduced in book 6, dangakki in book 7 and hyangakki in book 8. If we look at the numbers of the instruments introduced, 48 kinds of aakki, 13 kinds of dangakki and 7 kinds of hyangakki. So there are 63 kinds of instruments being introduced.1)
Among them, Haegum is classified into dangakki. According to the record in MunHeunTongGo(文獻統考), this instrument is known as Haedo - a division of Manchurian - favourite instrument which is originated from hyondo, so it has same shape.2)
In the original text of MunHheunTongGo, the instrument is introduced as Haedo, not Hyondo.3) This probably is a misquotation from AkHakKweBom.
As shown that haegum is originated from hyondo, while wondering what hyoodo is, I found that in AkHakKweBom our anscestors did not use, a kind of instrument with drum surface (pukkkmyon) on both sides, with a pair of lash on each side when twisted, the lashes can hit the drum. This instrument was introduced in AkHakKweBom as Do(鼗).
And in India s Razastan(라자스탄) area, the vowed instruments(弓絃樂器) similar to Korean instrument of haegum is named Ravanatha. This instrument is tied to a bow so when played, the bell rings. At the very moment when I saw this Ravanatha, I thought the hyondo in AkHak.KweBom probably had thjs shape.4)
Therefore, by comparing the following three instruments, (Hyondo and Haegum from AkHakKweBom and Indian Ravanatha) so as to clarify hyondo from AkHakKweBom, and also to trace the origin of haegum is the purpose of this report.
As for this, I will study hyondo as Hyon(絃) from the meaning of a string instrument and Do(鼗) from the meaning of a percussion instrument. This is because at present, our haegum has both aspects of a percussion instrument (the leather is being tied to bamboo tube) and of a string instrument(for it is being played with a bow).
First of all, in order to understand more about Do(鼗), the second character in the name of hyondo, we shall have a look into some documents where Do(鼗) is quoted.
We shall study Ak.HakKweBom from Korea and Yegido(禮器圖) from China first. Then, we will consider some Do(鼗) kinds of instruments(with similar shape and performing method) from Indian Damaru and Tibetian Thodmga.
After that, in order to study Hyon(絃), the first character in the name of hyondo, we shall focus on two Razastan instruments which are similar to Korean Haegum.
To get to understand the origin of Ravanatha, we shall study gungheon instrument in Ramayana(라마야나); one of the greatest Indian epics. For in Ramayana a kind of Dravidhya(드라비다) group s instrument (the former habitants in India before the Arian(아리안족)invasion) is being mentioned. It is said that the instrument, Ravanastroa mentioned in Ramayana was made by King Havana who ruled over Derabida group. So we shall now compare Ravanastroa, Ravanatha, Haegum and Hyondo. And I strongly believe that this comparison will define the origin of Haegum and also clear the relationship between Ak.HakKweBom s Hyondo and Ravanatha.
According to AkHakKweBom established by Song- hyon(成俔), druing Song Jong(成宗) of Chosun Dynasty(朝鮮) it is written that Haegum is otiiginated from Hyondo. For that reason, we then focused on the meaning stringed instrument (Hyon 絃) and percussion instrument (Do, 鼗) from the name Hyondo. This process was Possible because at present Korean Haegum is made out of bamboo tube with leather sheet set on it and it is performed with bow. In other words, Haegum has both aspects of percussion and string instrument.
As for first step, we focused on Do(鼗). Here, we studied Do(鼗) from AkHakKweBom and Yegido. We made comaprison of two Do(鼗) kind of instruments; Indian Damaru and Tibetan Thodrnga.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 몸글
• Ⅲ. 맺는말
• 參考文獻
• Abstract