중국 일대일로(一帶一路) 구상에 대응하는 베트남의 헤징(hedging) -국경 경제협력과 남중국해 갈등을 중심으로- = Vietnam’s “Hedging” Strategy in East Asia’s Power Shift

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Vietnam has actively promoted the economic development policy of reform and openness through diversification of foreign relations from the relationship of China and the Soviet Union which had been the highest priority relation in the past. As a result of forming intimate economic relations with various countries, the relationship with the United States and Japan has been greatly strengthened. But on the other hand, internal conflicts with China have been relatively intensified. But the power of the United States and Japan has had a considerable influence on Vietnam’s international security and economic development. Meanwhile, China’s the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which has been strengthened under the Xi JinPing regime, is aiming for economic diplomacy, called “greater infra-structural connectivity, economic integration, policy coordination, project cooperation, efficiency realization, and benefit sharing” by China’s government of foreign policy. But in the end, this is to form a new foreign relations order which is centered on China. As a big picture of the Belt and Road Initiative has been going on under the global power shift in which the global strategy of the United States to guard against the rise of China. However, China’s Asian neighbors want to continue economic cooperation with China. But they do not want to be subordinated to the surrounding order that China defines. These problems are geo-political and geo-economic troubles of interconnected Asia.
Vietnam is actively engaged in economic exchanges with China, but Vietnam is at the center of the dispute in the South China Sea, which is claimed to be a ‘core interests’ of China. Vietnam must deal with the strategic issues of security for territorial protection. In the fundamental problem, Vietnam will be struggling with strategic problems in setting up relations with China. This paper is based on the change of international order around Vietnam, in which analyzed ‘hedging’ of Vietnam against China in terms of realism associated with the theory of balance of power. Although economic exchanges and cooperation in the border region with China, but it was delayed due to bilateral relations & the international politics of the US-China relations on south china sea. Since 1984, the foreign policy of Vietnam was the openness of the economy and the diversification of international relations, centered on economic development. It is based on an independent foreign policy and the national interest. As a result of actively promoting friendly relations with different ideology countries, Japan become a Vietnam’s largest economic support country, the United States became Vietnam’s largest exporting partner. Furthermore, the two countries relationship have expanded to the status of cooperation in national security. Vietnam, which has stood in the hegemony conflict between the two big countries, there is no choice but to take a ‘hedging’ that must win economic benefits. In order to promote the peaceful development of the national economy, Vietnam has taken a risk-taking strategy that minimizes the emergence of conflicts in the South China Sea, expanding of economic influence from China is actively accepted. In other words, maintaining a close relationship with China is a way to avoid military conflicts in the South China Sea. Also, due to the necessity of an indirect balance of the South China Sea, Vietnam will require sustained military cooperation with the United States, Japan, India and Russia. In terms of economic pragmatism, Vietnam will aggressively participate in communication with China and will participate in institutionalization of relations to embrace limited economic gains from China. Compared with Laos and Cambodia, which are the two countries taking a bandwagoning strategies against China, Vietnam can lag behind securing economic benefits from china. But economic bandwagoning strategy of Vietnam to Japan and the United States will stil...

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 이한우, "협력과 갈등 속의 중국과 베트남 관계" 6 (6): 2011
• 2 이동률, "중국의 해양 대국화와 해양 영유권 분쟁" 7 (7): 16-23, 2012
• 3 정혜영, "중국의 세계화 전략과 베트남의 대중국 헤징전략. 동북아역사재단 “중국의 세계화전략연구: 일대일로와 동아시아 갈등과 협력" 2018
• 4 서상문, "중국의 국경전쟁(1949-1979)" 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2013
• 5 주디스 F. 컨버그, "중국외교정책: 정책⋅과정⋅전망" 명인문화사 2008
• 6 정혜영, "중국과 베트남의 갈등관계 분석 및 고찰－베트남의 입장을 중심으로－" 중국지역학회 1 (1): 195-238, 2014
• 7 정혜영, "중국과 베트남 관계의 새로운 모색-일대일로(一带一路)와 양랑일권(两廊一圈)의 전략 연계-" 국제지역연구센터 23 (23): 95-126, 2019
• 8 Do Tien Sam, "중국과 베트남 간 두 개의 회랑과 하나의 경협지대건설" 2012
• 9 유인선, "전근대 베트남의 對中國認識 - 조공과 대등의식의 양면성 -" 동북아역사재단 (23) : 389-436, 2009
• 10 이창주, "일대일로의 모든 것" 서해문집 2017
• 11 이정남, "시진핑 집권이후의 중국 대외정책 변화와 동아시아 정책" 3 (3): 2015
• 12 Do Tien Sam, "베트남과 중국 15년 관계 회고와 전망" (1/2) : 2007
• 13 유인선, "베트남과 그 이웃 중국 : 양국관계의 어제와 오늘" 창비 2012
• 14 이한우, "베트남 2016: 정치, 경제, 대외관계의 현황과 전망" 한국동남아학회 27 (27): 163-191, 2017
• 15 장준영, "미얀마-중국 관계의 변화: 헤징과 균형" 한국동남아학회 24 (24): 85-120, 2014
• 16 김석수, "남중국해 분쟁과 베트남의 전략" 한국동남아학회 26 (26): 1-37, 2016
• 17 박재영, "국제정치 패러다임" 법문사 2017
• 18 이상우, "국제관계이론 : 국가 간의 갈등원인과 질서유지" 박문사 2006
• 19 한스 모겐소, "국가 간의 정치" 김영사 2014
• 20 潘金娥, "越南政治经济与中越关系前沿" 社会科学文献出版社 2011
• 21 万 忆, "向东盟转播中国" 人民日报出版社 2012
• 22 文庄, "中越关系两千年" 社会科学文献出版社 2013
• 23 除奏法, "中国-东盟多元政治体制下的政治合作研究" 人民日报出版社 2012
• 24 魏玲, "东亚地区合作 : 2012" 经济科学文献出版社 2013
• 25 Nguyen Phuong Hoa, "Vietnam and china nomal relationship with 20years" 129 (129): 2012
• 26 Kurihara Hirohide, "Vai trò của chính quyền địa phương trong “Hai hành lang một vành đai kinh tế” Việt Nam- Trung quốc, Vietnamese academy of social science" Nhà xuất bản khóa học xã hội 2012
• 27 Goh, Evelyn, "Understanding “hedging” in Asia-Pacific security" (43) : 2006
• 28 Phung thanh kien, "The role of dong dang-langson border gate economic zone, ｢lang son province: potentiality and investment opportunity｣" Lang Son Province 2010
• 29 Kuik, Cheng-Chwee, "The Essence of Hedging: Malaysia and Singapore’s Response to a Rising China" 30 (30): 159-185, 2008
• 30 Kei Koga, "The Concept of “Hedging” Revisited: The Case of Japan’s Foreign Policy Strategy in East Asia’s Power Shift. International Studies Review" 2017 (2017): 1-28, 2017
• 31 Alexander L. Vuving, "Strategy and Evolution of Vietnam’s China Policy:A Changing Mixture of Pathways" 46 (46): 2006
• 32 Roy, Denny, "Southeast Asia and China: Balancing or Bandwagoning?" 27 (27): 305-322, 2005
• 33 Weatherbee, Donald, "International Relations in Southeast Asia: The Struggle for Autonomy" Rowman& Littlefield 2015
• 34 Goh, Evelyn, "Great Powers and Hierarchical Order in Southeast Asia:Analyzing Regional Security Strategies" 32 (32): 113-157, 2007
• 35 주용식, "G-2 체제에 대한 캄보디아의 대응 전략에 관한 이론적 고찰" 한국동남아학회 27 (27): 93-135, 2017
• 36 Nguyen van Binh, "Dong dang-Lang son border gate economic zone, ｢Great opportunity for eco investors｣" Lang Son Province 2010
• 37 Kei Koga, "ASEAN’s Evolving Institutional Strategy: Managing Great Power Politics in South China Sea Disputes" 2018 : 1-32, 2018
• 38 Leifer, Micheal, "ASEAN and the Security of Southeast Asia" Routledge 144-148, 1989
• 39 최병욱, "19세기 전반 베트남 제국(帝國)의 국제질서" 한국동남아학회 21 (21): 249-286, 2011
• 40 Nguyen Xuan Thang, "1986년부터 현재까지 베트남 - 미국관계의 정상화 과정" (1/2) : 2007