唐代における府州試と詩歌 = Civil Service Examination at Local Level and its Poetry in the Tang Dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

唐代の科挙、特に進士科の試験は主に二段階、すなわち、地方予備試験としての府州試、そして每年二月に行われる本試験である省試(いわゆる禮部試)で選抜された。當時、府州試、特に京兆府試を首席で及第することは社会から注目されていた。それは、この京兆府試が遅くとも唐代後期には重要な地位を與えられていたためである。また、京兆府試の上位及第者には様々な｢特権｣があったが、それは試験官の判断で変更することが可能な、いわば慣習的なものであった。一方で、その他の地方における府試․州試にも多くの受験生が参加し、時には受験する場所を変えることもあった。その理由の一つには、受験生が禮部試及第を官界、文壇に影響力を持つ有力者に求めたことが挙げられる。 このため、府州試は様々な局面で詩歌と関わることになった。その最も直接的なものが府州試で出題された試帖詩である。それらについては、現存する作品の大半が北宋初期に編纂された󰡔文苑英華󰡕に収録されている。また、中晩唐にはあえて府州試で出題された作品であることを明示する作品も生まれた。これらの現象には、唐代、特に中晩唐における府州試で作られる作品への関心の高まりが反映されている。

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Civil service examination in the Tang dynasty, in particular, jinshi (進士) examination were selected at two stages, namely, fuzhou-shi (府州試) which were performed by local examinations and sheng-shi(省試) (so-called libu-shi (禮部試)) which were performed by final examination in February every year. The community took notice of the person who passed first in fuzhou-shi, particularly Jingzhaofu-shi (京兆府試). It is because jingzhaofu-shi had important status in the late Tang dynasty at least. The higher-ranking persons who has passed the jingzhaofu-shi had various "special privileges", but that was customs which was possible to change by examiner's judgement. On the other hands, many examinees preparing for taking an examination also participated in other fu-shi (府試) and zhou-shi (州試), sometimes changed the place where take an examination. One of the reasons is because the examinees asked the pass of civil service examination from influential persons in the government service and literary circles.
Therefore fuzhou-shi was going to concern poetry by the every aspectss. The most direct thing is the poetry to that was submitted in fuzhou-shi. The most part of works which exists is recorded in “Wenyuanyinghua (文苑英華)” compiled in early North Song.In addition, the works which specify fuzhou-shi was also born in the the latter part of Tang dynasty. Increasing interest in the works which was made in fushuu-shi of Tang dynasty, in particular, the the latter part of Tang dynasty is reflected by these phenomena.