KCI등재
國家發展을 爲한 女性의 地位와 役割에 關한 硏究 = A Study on the Status of Korean Women in National Development
저자
발행기관
淑明女子大學校 亞細亞女性問題硏究所(Research Center For Asian Women Sook Myung Women's University)
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1977
작성언어
Korean
주제어
KDC
337.000
등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
5-46(42쪽)
제공처
소장기관
The problem of women's participation in development is one of the three themes of the International Women's Year. It covers the political., economic, and social participation. To understand the problem, we reviewed the existing situation in Korea for the full integration of women in national development. The programs for this purpose should be done with a view to assuring that women's capabilities and needs are fully taken into consideration. This requires a long, painstaking effort to enable women to make a more, productive and constructive contribution to development.
The women's studies concerning the status of women in Korea were substantial. However, the problem of the integration of women's status into development is a rather new concept. Therefore, in accordance with the world trend, with its emphasis on women in development, the pursuance of the study on women's status in development is a very essential and timely one.
This study is the first attempt to integrate women's status into development, therefore, it was general in scope. However, focusing on decision-making is an indicator to assess and evaluate the status of women in Korea.
This study sampled 866 Korean women from Seoul, the provinces of Kyunggi, Kangwon, Chungchong, Kyungsang, Chulla and Cheju Island. The generalizations of our findings can be sumimarized as follows:
1)The degree of participation in decision-making is relative to age: an older woman has more, influence in this process. And she tended to be more actively participating
process rather than the public decision-making process rather than the public desicsion-making process
2) The degree of participation in decision-making is tied to education: A more educated woman exerts greater influence in this process. And she is more actively associated with the public decision-making process rather than with the domestic decision-making process.
3) Marital longevity increases the influence of a woman in the decision-making process. A woman with a longer marriage life, tends to participate more actively in decision-making in the public domain rather than in the domestic domain.
4) The higher the economic status of a woman the more likely she is to take part. in the decision-making process in the domestic and public domains.
5) The more a woman is conscious of discrimination against women by men, the more likely she is to be in the decision-making process. Moreover, a highly conscious woman tends to be a more active participant in the public domain rather than in the domestic domain.
6) The more a woman is conscious about the status and roles of women in national. development, the more likely she is to participate in the decision-making process. Furthermore, a woman being highly conscious about the status of women is likely to be more active in the process of decision-malting in the domestic sphere rather than in the public domain.
7) The longer a woman lives in an urban setting, the more likely she is to participate in the decision-making process. She tends to more actively take a greater part in the public decision-making process rather than in the domestic decision-making process.
Thus, our findings show that the degree to which a woman participates in decision-making can best be explained by such variables as age, education, economic status and consciousness about the status of women. Thus, when a woman is better-educated, economically better-off, and more conscious about her status, she is likely to take part. in the process of decision-making which affects her status, and which will highten and. positively contribute to national development.
After this broad, general picture about the developmental aspect, specific fields such as population, health, training for urban jobs, training of agricultural techniques, and'. the role of communication and mass media in influencing public opinion toward development should be vigorously studied and pursued.
Human beings are the most important resources for development. They are, at the same time, both the agents and the beneficiaries of development. The quality of the societies in which they live and develop will bo determined by the extent to which. they are involved in the process of transformation.
About half of the human resources available for development are women. But, the majority of women have been excluded from development in most countries. We have to face this fact that available human resources are wasted or neglected. We have to Correct this situation. In such an endeavor, not only women, but men, families, communities, nations, and the world will be benefited.
In order to fully utilize this half of the human resources in the world for development, the status of women should be advanced.
In so doing, social justice will be attained in which women will find self-fulfillment and self-respect through contributing to national development.
Now, at the conclusion of this study, we recommend the following programs for the best utilization of women's resources for national development.
Access to education and training is a key to social and economic progress. Equal Education for women is hampered by a whole set of mutually-dependent ideas and traditions that define and limit the female I role. In Korea, the shortage of educational facilities, in combination with a belief that boys should be educated first, effectively excludes many girls. Where there are few schools in the rural areas, students ordinarily must be prepared to travel some distance, and girls' attendance is limited by beliefs that they should not travel alone, or live apart from family supervision. In poor families, children's, labor often contributes vitally to the economic viability of the household. Girls' education is precluded or curtailed by the belief that it is more appropriate for daughters than sons to be responsible for time-consuming household chores, care -of younger children, and in some regions, farming or marketing activities.
Furthermore, lack of appropriate employment opportunities for educated individuals dampens enthusiasm for costly education. Where jobs are scarce, they tend to go to men first, so parents reasonably conclude that the investment in education for their daughter offers a questionable return, than does education for their sons.
Some of the solutions to the problem of inequality in education are obvious: none of them are necessarily easy. Equal access to existing educational facilities and positions would be a first step. Equal access to non-academic employment, which would justify the time and financial investment in education, is also crucial.
The vocational training for girls should be intensified. Especially, integrated or special -training programs should be developed for girls and women in rural areas to enable them to participate fully and productively in economic and social development and to learn advanced technology in agriculture. Such programs should include training; in modern methods of agriculture and use of equipment, co-operatives, marketing, and in health, nutrition, family planning and education.
Text hocks should he revised. to present an image of women in positive and participatory roles in society.
Vocational training should he avail-able to boys and girls to prove them with equal employment opportunities.
In Korea, 39.6% of the economically active population are women and nearly 37% of women of working age (over 14) are in the labor force. This shows that women's. contribution is substantial and has not been fully recognized. The, majority of women are engaged in a. limited number- of occupations at lower levels of skill and responsibility
The government should formulate policies to give' equal opportunity and treatment for woman workers. Equal pay for equal work is recommended. Minimum wages should tic applied to women. And protective legislation for- worn(n should be, enforced and. reviewed from time to time
In view of flap fact that: a major obstacle in improving tic: status of women is in public attitudes and values regarding; women's role in society, the, mass communication media plays an important role for shaping opinions regarding women. and can exercise a significant influence in helping to remove prejudices against women. The government and various voluntary organizations should encourage the mass media to take an object five view towards women and to ensure that information should be provided on the current status of women in various countries, with particular emphasis on the changing roles of men and women.
The mass media should seek to raise public consciousness with respect to these changing roles and should he, urged to project a more positive view of women and to take into account the diversity of women's roles and their actual and potential contribution to society at large.
The authors would like: to sec. these recommendations impliemented by the government and social institutions, thus helping highten women's status, which will, contribute greatly to national development.
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