『동방소학(東方小學)』을 통한 역사의식전한과 시대적 과제인 교육의 원(原)뿌리찾기 = Directions for the Educational Reform for the Sound Historical Thoughts, the Recognition of the Foundation of Education and the Promotion of the National Educational Thought: Focus on the Dongbang Sohak

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Knowing Korean ancient history well, there was the first nation in the human history Hwanguk (B.C.7197~B.C.3897) existed. The oral tradition of Heavenly Script from the time of the Heavenly Emperor Hwanin became the foundation of the Thoughts of the Northeast Asia. The ``Five Lessons of Hwanin`` was the foundation of the education of all human beings and the core was the benevolence-filial piety. This thought has the history of nearly 7,000 years since Heavenly Emperor Hwanung of the Baidal State and Dangun Wangeom of Old Joseon inherited the thought. Confucius created Confucianism with ``Six Scripts of Confucianism`` by developing the Korean traditional thought. Confucius inherited the Korean thought as the origin and contexts of his thought emphasizing benevolence-filial piety as the core of Confucianism. This is the thought of ``benefit for all`` and the thought of the world peace. It was the great achievement of world leading Koreans. This achievement was developed in China and returned to Korea during the second year of the reign of King Sosurim of Goguryeo officially. Immediately Goguryeo established Taehak, the public educational institution. The curriculum was consisted of humanities, history and philosophy to educate the thought of benevolence-filial piety through the ``Five Scripts`` of Confucius. Baikje and Silla followed similar pattern. The tradition continued with Goryeo by establishing Gukjagam to teach similar curriculum. At the later period Goryeo, An Hyang introduced Neo-Confucianism and curriculum emphasized ``Four Books of Confucianism`` of Chu Hsi. Also The Sohak (Essential Learning) reflecting the educational thought of Chu Hsi became the national core course of the institution. In addition, the study of rituals began to be established by the introduction of Garye (Family Rituals) At the time of Joseon dynasty, Chu Hsi`s Compilation of Four Books, element of Education and Family Rituals maintained as the absolute cores of the education from Seonggyunguan, Hyanggyo and private Seodangs. This education system resulted the flourishing of Confucian culture in Korea. However, Korea earned small while losng big. The educational book as the solution of this situation is the Dongbang Sohak (Essential Learning of the East Asia). This study insists the followings. SSuma Chen ignores the existence of Korean ancient history by setting Emperor Heonwon as the leader in his book Shiji. It was a distortion of Korean history. Also, Chu Hsi failed to mention Korean ancient history as well as the origin of cultural creation and the element of education in his Sohak. Japan illegally annexed Korea in 1910 and established Joseon Complication Association to distort Korean history in 1920. The association published the History of Joseon and educated people with distorted facts. Furthermore, the rootless Western educational trends penetrated and implanted. The result was the collapse of education in Korea. The historical crisis came. Violence and sexual assaults prevail in the school that make people frustrated. As the solution, Korean ancient history is needed to be rediscovered and recover the prestige of Korea in the Northeast Asia. This study urges for the educational reform to promote national educational spirit. Although judicial policy must be implemented, but it is a historical destination and educational task to carry out the educational reform for all people by teaching the Dongbang Sohak.