女性의 家外活動에 대한 男·女 大學生의 態度調査 = A Study on College Students' Attitudes toward Women’s Non-Familial Activities

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Nowadays defining women's role as only a familial one has been challenged both personally and socially. For the purpose of facilitating this research, we choose three factors consisting of opportunity, ability, and motivation which are regarded as exercising influence upon women's non-familial activities. The opportunity for women's employment has been enlarged, and women's motivation for getting a job shows a positive tendency as well as improvement in ability for achievement. Both social demand for women's employment and desire for getting as job on the part of women themselves have greatly increased.
There has been a tendency among those who received high education that the jobs they occupy are temporary ones. Moreover, their actual employment rate does not meet a desirable standard. In this article, therefore, we tried to verify the factors which interfere with women's non-familial activities and to find out a possible way which could encourage highly educated women to exploit their potential.
We, however, have to make it clear that this article is designed to analyze only several relevant items of the questionnaire used for " A Sample Survey of College Students' Knowledge of and Attitude toward Family Planning" which was published in summer, 1974. In this article we studied college students' attitudes toward women's occupational activities and its correlation with marriage, family planning, and boy preference, which can be considered relevant with women's non-familial activities.
The main findings are as follows:
1. College women's attitude toward occupation is changing in a positive direction:
a. The percentage of women who want a job after graduation is increasing (89.6%).
b. Their motivation for a job is self-development (65%).
c. Those who want a permanent and professional job occupy the majority (63%)
2. In spite of this high percentage of women who want a jib after graduation, it has been found that marriage is still an obstacle to women's occupational activities. The percentage of women who approve of occupational activities after marriage decreases to 54.7%. Besides, 70% of these women answered they would give up the occupational activities when it is hard fir them to manage the two roles, that is, home and job.
3. College men's negative attitude toward women's non-familial activities is also an obstacle: only 37.1% approves women's occupational activities and 45.5%, women's voluntary organizational activities. For women's hobby club activities they show positive attitude. These three attitudes are similar toward the activities of their future wives.
4. The college students, both men and women, are most negative toward women's occupational activities, most positive toward hobby club activities, and somewhat negative toward voluntary organizational activities.
5. Sex is the most influential factor which causes great difference of attitude toward women's non-familial activities. Other factors, such as discipline, school year, and the economic level of family, cause only a slight difference.
6. The college students' attitudes toward family planning and women's non-familial activities have a meaningful correlation: the more positive the family planning attitude, the higher the percentage of approval of women's non-familial activities. It is the same with attitude toward family planning practice. There is no significant correlation between the attitude toward women's non-familial activities and the attitudes toward the desired number of children, boy preference, and dependency in old age.
As shown in these findings, most of the college women want to have a job, but they lack strong motivation for it. They are still passive and superficial in developing their own potentials through occupational and other non-familial activities after marriage. Though the traditional way of thinking that a woman should only keep her home is gradually being broken down, a new value to replace the old one is not yet established. We think this is the time that women's attitude should be changed from "what women can do" to "what women should do".
In order to fully develop women's potentials and possibilities and to contribute to society, women themselves should first make their goals in life clear, select a job according to their goals, and be trained for effective performance of their jobs. Also, they should study the way of harmonizing their two roles. At the same time, this should be followed by the institutionized support of the society. It is required that men treat women as individuals who have intelligence and ability. Also, the labor market should be expanded for women's employment in various aspects-training for re-employment, change in house structure, effective operation of nursey, etc.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 一. 序論
• 1. 調査目的 및 趣旨
• 2. 調査方法 및 時期
• 3. 調査對象者의 一般的 特性
• 二. 調査結果 및 解析
• 1. 女子大學生의 就業에 대한 態度
• 2. 結婚과 女性의 家外活動
• 3. 家族計劃과 女性의 家外活動
• 4. 理想子女數·男兒選好 및 老後依存에 대한 態度와 女性의 家外活動
• 三. 要約 및 結語
• 英文要約
• 參考文獻