KCI등재
Lithium 및 數種 睡眼劑가 家兎 血中酒精濃度에 미치는 影響에 關한 實驗的 硏究 = EFFECTS OF LITHIUM AND SOME HYPNOTICS ON BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVEL IN RABBITS
Lithium has been lately used in the manic-depressive psychosis and other psychotic excitements. Barbiturates have long been widely used as the hypnotics. Non-barbiturate hypnotics such as nitra-zepam and glutethimide has also been used in increasing frequency.
It has been lately reported that lithium elevated significantly blood alcohol level in rabbits and that lithium prolonged significantly drug-induced sleep time. In view of these findings, the author conducted an animal experiment to investigate the effects of some barbiturate and non-barbiturate hypnotics, or in combination with lithium, on blood alcohol level in rabbits.
Material and Method
1. The experimental work was done with mature rabbits of both sexes, weighing from 2.0kg to 3.0kg.
2. The experimental animals were devided into two groups; control and exprimental group.
3. Control group had two subgroups; alcohol alone group and alcohol+lithium group. And experimental group was devided as follows; alcohol+barbiturates group, alcohol+non-barbiturates group, alcohol+lithium+barbiturates group,
alcohol+lithium+non-barbiturates group. (In this study, thiopental sodium, pentothal sodium and amobarbital sodium are barbiturates used, and nitrazepam and glutethimide are non-barbiturates used.)
4. To the experimental animals, hypnotics were administered into marginal ear vein by intravenous injection, or into gluteal muscle by intramuscular injection, or orally in capsules.
5. In alcohol+bariturates group:
One among thiopental, pentothal and amobarbital sodium was given intravenously 20mg/kg of body weight, intravenously or intramuscularly at 10minutes before and just before alcohol administration.
In alcohol+non-barbiturates group:
It was given orally either 1mg of nitrazepam/kg or 50mg of glutethimide/kg of body weight at 30minutes before alcohol administration.
6. Lithium chloride solution, 6.3%, was given in a dose of 3.0mEg/kg of body weight daily for 4 days by intravenous route. The last dose was given 1 hour before alcohol administration.
7. In all groups, 20 vol.% ethanol solution was given intravenously in a dose of 5.0ml/kg of body weight in 5 minutes.
8. Blood specimens were obtained by cardiac puncture at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration.
9. Blood alcohol level was determined by Cavett's method.
Results
1. Alcohol+barbituates group:
a) In alcochol+thiopental sodium subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup were all significantly higher than those in alcohol alone group (p<0.05 or less).
b) In alcohol+pentothal sodium subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup were all significantly higher than those in alcohol alone group except those in both 30 minutes after alcohol administration by intravenous route just before or at 10 minutes before alcohol administration (p<0.05 or less).
c) In alcchol+amobarbital sodium subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup were all significantly higher than those in alcohol alone group (P<0.05 or less).
2. Alcohol+non-barbiturates group:
In either nitrazepam or glutethimide subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in these subgroups showed statistically no significant change, comparing with these in alone group (P>0.05).
3. Alcohol+lithium group: Blood alcohol levels in this group were all significantly higher than those in alcohol alone group (P<0.05 or less).
4. Alcohol+lithium+barbiturates combined group:
a) In thiopental sodium with lithium combined subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup were all significantly higher than those in lithium alone group, and showed also statistically significant change comparing whith those in thiopental sodium alone subgroup(P<0.05 or less).
b) In pentothal sodium with lithium combined subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup were all significantlly higher than those in lithium alone group except the group in which pentothal sodium was given 30 minutes before alcohol administration intramuscularly, and showed also statistically significant change comparing with those in alcohol+pentothal sodium subgroup except the subgroup in which pentothal was given either intravenously at 10 minutes before alchol administration, or pentothal sodium was given by intramuscularly just before alcohol administration (Both 30 minutes value: P<0.05 or less).
c) In amobarbital sodium with lithium combined subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup were all significantly higher than those in lithium alone group except the group amobarbital sodium was given by intravenous route 30 minutes before alcohol administration (10 minutes value), and showed also statistically significant change comparing with those in amobarbital sodium alone group except that the group amobarbital sodium was given by intravenous route at 30 minutes before alcohol administration (30 minutes value; P<0.05 or less).
5. Alcohol+lithium+non-barbiturates group:
In either nitrazepam with lithium combined subgroup or glutethimide with lithium combined subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in these subgroups showed no statistically significant change, comparing with those in lithium alone group (P<0.05), but the alcohol levels were all significantly higher than those in nitrazepam or glutethimide alone subgroup respectively except 10 minutes value of glutethimide alone subgroup (P<0.05 or less).
Conclusions
1. The intravenous injection of lithium chloride in a dose of 3.0mEq/kg/day for 4 days elevated significantly blood alcohol level in rabbits at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration.
2. Thiopental sodium, pentotal sodium and amobarbital sodium in barbiturate hypnotics elevated significantly in general on blood alcohol level in rabbits at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration.
3. Nitrazepam or glutethimide (non-barbiturate hypnotics) did not elevate statistically significant on blood alcohol level in rabbits at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration.
4. Thiopental sodium, penthal sodium and amobarbital sodium (barbiturate hypnotics) when given to lithium treated rabbits elevated significantly in general on blood alcohol level respectively at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration, comparing with lithium alone group, or thiopental sodium, pentothal sodium and amobarbital sodium subgroups. It seems that there exists synergic or potentiating effect in these cases.
5. Nitrazepam or glutethimide with lithium did not elevate blood alcohol level at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration comparing with that lithium alone group. but generally showed significant elevation of blood alcohol level then comparing with that nitrazepam or glutethimide alone subgroup. It is suggestive of the fact that lithium alone effect the blood alcohol level in these cases.
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