지난 40년간 한국의 정치항의의 사회적 · 집단적 변화추이와 그 영향요인에 대한 분석

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 세계가치조사(World Values Survey)의 7개 조사년도(1981, 1990, 1995, 2001, 2005, 2010, 2018)의 설문조사 자료분석을 통해 4가지 항의활동 즉 진정서서명, 집회 · 시위, 보이콧 및 파업에 대한 한국사회 전체 및 사회집단들의 참여의 추이를 분석하는 한편, 이들 4가지 항의활동의 합성척도인 ‘정치항의경향’에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인들의 영향력을 분석했다. 그 분석 결과들을 간추리면 다음과 같다.
우선, 한국에서 7개 조사년도 중 4가지 항의활동 참여가 매우 활발했던 시기는 진정서서명, 집회 · 시위 및 파업은 1990년과 2001년이고, 보이콧은 1995년이다. 1990년은 1987년의 민주화의 여파, 1995년은 그해 광복 50주년에 일어난 반일 운동, 2001년은 IMF 경제위기로 인한 구조조정 여파를 반영하고 있다. 한편, 본 실증연구를 통해 발견한 한 가지 중요한 사실은 한국에서 항의활동 참여도는 2001년도를 정점으로 한 후 2000년대 중반부터 지속적으로 하락해 왔다는 것이다.
다음으로, 4가지 항의활동에 대한 한국의 사회집단들의 참여 추이를 7개 조사년도 전체의 평균을 통해 살펴보면, 성별은 남자, 연령은 젊을수록, 교육수준과 소득수준은 높을수록 항의활동에 더욱 많이 참여하나, 단 하나의 예외로서 파업에는 소득수준이 낮을수록 보다 많이 참여하는 것으로 나타났다.
끝으로, ‘정치항의경향’에 대한 9가지 영향요인들의 영향력을 중다회귀분석을 통해 분석한 결과, 특히 연령, 교육수준, 정치관심, 자원결사체 참여, 이념성향, 탈물질주의 성향 등 6개 요인은 대부분의 조사년도에서 종속변수에 유의한 영향을 미치고 있는바, 이들은 한국에서 지난 40년간 지속적으로 정치항의에 중요한 영향을 미친 요인들이라 할 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Through the data analysis of the 7 surveys of the World Values Survey performed in the years of 1981, 1990, 1995, 2001, 2005, 2010 and 2018 in Korea, this study examines at first the trend of participation of the Korean people and it’s social groups in four protest activities, namely, signing a petition, demonstration, boycott and strike, and next, the influence of 9 major factors upon the ‘political protest tendency,’ which is a composite scale of these four protest activities. The results of analysis are as follows.
First of all, among the seven survey years in Korea, the period when participation in protest activities was very active was in 1990 and 2001 for signing petitions, demonstration and strike, and in 1995 for boycott. The year 1990 reflects the aftermath of democratization in 1987, the 1995, boycott movement of Japan on the 50th anniversary of Liberation, and the 2001, the aftermath of the IMF economic crisis. In addition, one important finding from this empirical study is that participation in protest activities in Korea has continued to decline since the mid-2000s.
Next, looking at the trend of participation of Korean social groups in the four protest activities through the average of all seven survey years, the male in sex, the younger the age, the higher the education level and the income level, participate more in the four protest activities. With the only exception, the lower the income level, the more participation in strikes.
Finally, as a result of analyzing the influence of 9 factors on the ‘political protest tendency’ through multiple regression analysis, six factors, in particular, such as age, education level, political interest, voluntary associations, ideological orientation and post-materialism, have a significant influence on the political protest tendency in most of the survey years. These can be said to be the main factors that influence political protests in Korea since the 1980s.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 논문요약
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 이론적 검토
• Ⅲ. 실증연구 방법
• Ⅳ. 분석결과
• Ⅴ. 결론
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

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