일본의 도래계 사원과 백제 유민의 동향 2 -비조(飛鳥), 기타 지역의 고고학 성과를 중심으로- = New Archaeological Research on Early Buddhist Temples in Japan Related to Baekje Immigrants, Part II

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article discusses recent archaeological research on early Buddhist temples related to the immigrants from the Korean peninsula located in the Asuka, Kawachi, Yamashiro, Kyushu regions in order to understand their influence on Japanese Buddhist temples after the fall of the Baekje kingdom. The second section deals with the seventh century sites in the Asuka region. Of particular importance is the type of roof tiles made with bamboo-patterned molds excavated from the Asukadera`s southeastern meditation precinct, which was established by Dojou, who was from an immigrant clan. A particular attention is given to their relation with the roof tiles discovered in the regional mountain fortresses in Baekje. In addition, it is pointed out that the layout of palace, workshops, and ponds in the Asuka region is similar to those in the Iksan and Buyeo areas. Baekje-related features are also found in Kawaradera. They include clay sculptures and green-glazed artifacts. Moreover, Kawaradera was founded by transforming a palace complex into a Buddhist temple, and in its plan the monks` quarters were located in the north, east, and west sides of the lecture hall. It is notable that their parallels can be found in Baekje. In the case of Hinokumadera, the most important immigrants-related temple in Asuka, the roof tile foundation and roof tiles decorated with flame design discovered at the site are comparable to the finds in Baekje. Considering that the date of the temple is presumed as the latter half of the seventh century, it is likely that the Baekje immigrants participated in the construction of the temple. The third section examines the temples in the Kawachi, Yamashiro, Katsuragi, and Kyushu regions. In the case of the Kawachi region, the temple plans and roof-end tiles found in Shindou Haichi, Sairinji(clan temple of Wanni`s descendants), and Senshouji show their close connection to the Baekje temples. The Yamashiro region is known to have been linked more closely with Silla and Gorguyeo than Baekje. In this context, it is notable that the roof tile foundation, which is one of the major Baekje-related feature, was discovered in the octagonal pagoda site in Kadagihara Haichi associated with Hatauchi and also in Komadera, whose establishment is believed to have been related to certain Goguyeo clans. This suggests a possibility that the transmission and distribution of the roof tile foundation was more complicated that previously assumed. The Baekje immigrants` contribution to the region`s Buddhist culture is tangible in Katsuragi, where clay plaques with Buddhist images were found in the Nikoji Haichi site. In the case of Asatsuma Haichi, the wooden slips from Asukaike site serve as significant soucres for the history of the Baekje immigrants. In the Kyushu area, gilt-bronze Buddhist images and roof-end tiles were found in the Korean-style mountain fortresses, and they provide more detailed information on the Baekje immigrants after the fall of the Baekje kingdom.