자유주의와 식민주의 사이: 알렉시 토크빌과 알제리 점령/식민지화 = Between Liberalism and Colonialism: Alexis de Tocqueville on the Conquest and Colonization of Algeria

국문 초록 (Abstract)

알렉시 토크빌은 ｢알제리에 대한 서신｣에서 알제리 식민지화를 낙관적으로 전망했으며 유럽이주민과 아랍원주민의 평온한 융합을 꿈꾸기도 했다. 하지만 알제리를 방문한 후 쓴 ｢알제리 연구｣에서 토크빌은 전쟁 승리를 위해서는 강력한 군사작전이 필요하다고 생각했으며 전쟁의 폭력과 학살마저 용인하거나 적어도 묵인했다. 프랑스군의 승리가 임박한 무렵에 쓴 ｢알제리 보고서｣에서 그는 군사점령 자제를 권고하고 이주민 정착식민지의 건설 방안을 제시했다.
민주주의와 자유를 외친 ‘자유주의자’ 토크빌은 해외팽창과 식민지 건설을 외치는 ‘식민주의자’가 된 것인가? 그는 급변하는 지중해 국제정세에서 프랑스가 강국의 지위를 유지하려면 북아프리카 식민지가 반드시 필요하다고 생각했다. 하지만 알제리 식민지화에 대한 그의 사유는 경제적 이윤추구나 문명화의 사명과는 거리가 멀었으며 국위선양과 국가명예라는 정치적 동기에서 나온 것이었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Alexis de Tocqueville, in the Letters on Algeria, optimistically predicted the colonization of Algeria and dreamed of a fusion of European immigrants and native Arabs. But in his Essay on Algeria, written after visiting Algeria, Tocqueville believed that strong military operations were necessary to win the war, and even tolerated violence of war and massacres. In the Report on Algeria, written when the French victory was imminent, he recommended refraining from more military occupations and suggested ways to make a settler colony.
Has Tocqueville, a liberal who called for freedom and democracy, become a colonialist who calls for overseas expansion and colonial settlement? He believed that a North African colony was absolutely necessary for France to maintain its status as a powerful country in the rapidly changing international situation in the Mediterranean. His reasons for Algerian colony were far from the pursuit of economic profits or the mission of civilization, and were motivated by the political considerations of increasing national power and honor.

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