耽羅의 學藝.言語.宗敎의 硏究 = Studies in the Art and Science, Language,and Religion of Tamma
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1971
작성언어
Korean
KDC
040.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
15-49(35쪽)
제공처
소장기관
Tamna, the old name of Cheju Province of Korea, was in old times a sea-girt tribal state south of the southern tip of the Korean peninsula.
Although there is no clue as to the exact date of its foundation, Tamna is presumed to have been in contact with the mainland even in the greatly remote past, and about the fifth century the government of Tamna had some formal connections with those of Shilla and Paekjae, and some inhabitants of the island made long voyages for commercial or other purposes as far as Koryo, Japan, and China.
Owing to its geographical situation and historical background, ancient Tamna was backward in every aspect of its civilization. On the other hand, however, this peculiar environment has served to preserve most of the antiquities of Tamna which are now attracting an increasing attention of the students concerned. This article tries to show some aspects of the ancient culture of Tamna by studying the origins of its art and science, its language, and its religion.
The art and science of Tamna was destined from the beginning to be far from the main stream of those on the mainland because of its geographical location, that is, on isolated island state. However, during the period when the Korean peninsula was divided into three kingdoms, Shilla, Paekjae, and Koguryo, Tamna began to introduce the advanced culture of the mainland through formal and informal intercourse with the mainland. About the tenth century when the whole peninsula was put under the rule of the Koryo dynasty, Tamna was influenced by a scholarly atmosphere in the capital of Koryo with the Koryo's increasing influence upon the island, and produced some men of learning who placed himself at the service of the royal court. This tendency toward learning in creased during the period from the tenth to the fourteenth century. Although there broke out on the island during the period an armed rebel, called the Rebellion of Sambyolcho, against the central government, it also made a favorable opportunity for the island to be in closer contact with learned circles in the capital of the Koryo kingdom. During the fifteenth century Tamna began to enjoy more scholarly atmosphere than before. This is because the Yi dynasty following Koryo established "hyanggyo's" or Confucian schools with a view to promoting the love of learning. As a result Tamna produced a number of learned men. But almost all of them followed the course of scholars in the capital, scarcely paying attention to literature and art peculiar to the island.
As for language as spoken in Tamna, it seems to have come down from the language of ancient Koryo. Tamna the name of the island state, and Yang Eulla, the name of one of the three ancient tribes of the island, show that, according to the results of the authors' investigation, the language of Tamna is closely related with that of primitive Koryo. This close relationship is to be seen especially between the names of tribes of Tamna and those or the five tribes of ancient Koryo.
The primitive religion of Tamna was shamanism in which shamans and conjurers played decisive roles. Later Buddhism was introduced into the island and during the Koryo dynasty Koryo and Yuan, an ancient kingdom of China which once occupied Tamna, both adopted a pro-Buddhist policy and propagated Buddhism on the island. As a result, Buddhism throve all over the island. However, most priests did not apply themselves to the Buddhist doctrine, but was chiefly engaged in prayer for earthly happiness of inhabitants of the island. Consequently it can be said that religion of those days was a fusion of Buddhism and shamanism.
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