양호겸직교사의 배치근거 및 분포양상 = A study on the distributoin basis and aspect of teachers holding additional school health

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was attempted to contribute to the development of school health by providing the basic data about the distribution basis and distribution aspect of teachers holding additional school health that are in charge of school health business in primary schools, middle schools and high schools without any nurse-teacher. This study analyzed literatures about the history, related laws, organization and professional manpower of school health. The emphasis was set on the distribution basis of teachers holding additional school health.
The results of study are as following:
1. The school health of the world dates to the late 18th century in Europe where was free supplying with food for poor children. The school health of Korea orginated from smallpox vaccination which was executed with appearance of modern schools in the less 19th century.

2. The related laws of health began as a part of Education Law with was constituted in 1949. By the School Health Law constituted in 1967 and the enforcement ordinance of School Health made firm the legal basis of school health.

3. The administrative organs of school health are the Ministry of Education in center and each Board of Education in cities and provinces. For the first time in 1979, the department of school health was established in the organization of the Ministry of Education. And at about the same time of establishment of the department of school health, health section was established in the department of social physical-training in locality.

4. In the manpower of school health which was presented in the related statute of school health, there are the ward chief of education, the superintendent of educational affairs of cities and districts, the mayors, the governors of provinces, the school managers, the principals, the school doctors, the school pharmacists, and the nurse-teachers, including teachers holding additional school health as the practical manpower of school health.

5. In order to get some information on distribution aspect of teachers additional school health, this study made up a questionnaire from August 11, 1988. The subjects of this study were 212 teachers who took part in the yeariy training for teachers holding additional school health from Kyunggi province, Chungbuk province and Jeonbuk province. The results of the questionnaire are as following:

1. The distribution percentages of teachers holding additional school health according to each Board of Education which schools are subject to, are as following: 70.1%(Kyunggi), 76.5%(Chungbuk), and 81.4%(Jeonbuk).
There was a significant difference.
The distribution percentages of teachers holding additional school health according to the school levels of 3 provinces are as following: 74.1%(Primary schools), 77.8%(Middle schools), 76.7%(High schools).
There were little significant differences.

2. The distribution according to the general characteristics of the subject schools:
There were 64.2 percent of primary schools and 35.8 percent of middle schools among 212 schools. 91.5 percent of schools were located in districts. Public schools formed 55.7% and then national schools were higher in percentage than private schools. 58.5 percent of schools had 1-9 classes, 64.6 percent of schools had 101-500 students, and 90 percent of schools had 1-20 teachers.

In considering student sex, the co-ed school showed the high distribution percentage (Primary schools :100%, Middle schools: 81.6%).

3. The distribution according to the characteristics of teachers holding additional school health:
93.3 percent of teachers were female, and more than 60 percent of teachers were 20-29 years old. As the age got higher, the percentage became lower. There were little significant differences by martial status. In considering their educational status, 86.8 percent of teachers in primary schools were from teacher's colleges, and 64.5 percent of teachers in middle schools were from education colleges.
In considering teaching career, 46.7 percent of teachers had teaching career of less than 2 years. 73.6 percent of teachers had held additional school health for less than one year. More than 80 percent of teachers had participated in the training one time or twice. More than 70 percent of teachers had 1-2 additional jobs except for the school health business.
The motivation to hold additional school health is most caused by mandatory order, which accounts for more than 80.0 percent. In considering interesting degree concerning school health, lukewarm answer is the highest of 62.7 percent, followed by affirmative answer of 23.6 percent. In considering their contentment degree respecting additional school health job,"discontent or very discontent" is the highest of 47.6 percent. As a discontent reason of additional school health job, overwork is the highest factor of 37.9 percent.
Among additional school health job, the most difficult affair is nursing service to be 34.0 percent, followed by health education of 31.6 percent. It testify the need of professional. The source of knowledge about school health has been acquired from masscommunication or private health experience, which account for as much as 56.1 percent. It shows seriousness of lack of professionalism. With regard to necessity of school health experts, 95.8 percent represents absolute need.
With above consideration of study results, I propose as follows:

1. I propose that the authorities concerned unify and improve statute respecting current school health which has not been steadfastly supporting school health business by ambiguity of expression and dualization.

2. I propose that the authorities concerned give the school manager, school staffs and parents of students educational chance with which they can acknowledge the importance
of school health and in which they can participate as well as set up alternative policy plan to be able to vitalize school health committee.

3. I propose that administrative organization practicable to taking totally charge of school health business is established within the Ministry of Education.

4. I proposed that the authorities concerned back up and cooperate in an attempt by make school health better and desirable toward development by way of appointing
qualified health teachers on the basis of legally regular teacher staffs.