韓國農村社會의 家族計劃에 關한 硏究 = A Study on the Impeding Factors Affecting Family Planning in Rural Society of Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The initial plan of this study was to investigate the impeding factors affecting the family planning practice in rural society of Korea, since many research findings have pointed out that the practice of family planning was not widespread among the people in rural areas compared with those in urban areas. Accordingly, this study is concerned with the following question: Why is the family planning program more successful in one area than in the other area in spite of their geographical homogeneity as a rural community.
However, it was almost impossible to find out any reliable data on the family planning practice of the people in the areas concerned to take as a basis of comparison between two rural communities indicating that one of the two communities is more successful than the other in terms of the family planning program. Hence, the original question is converted into the following way: Why do the women in Andong-Gun have more children then those in Yungchun-Gun, since the data from the respective local government administrative statistics were available for this measure although the quality of the data is not only crude but distorted.
Here it is assumed that the success or failure of the family planning program in an area can be viewed from the number of children they have. Provided that there are no substantial differences in the infant mortality rate, in the migration rate, and in the age structure of the married women between two communities under study, and when there is a remarkable difference between the two communities in the number of children they have, this fact implies that the family planning program in one of the two communities is more successful than that in the other community since practice or non-practice of family planning in the end-whether it is voluntary or involuntary-results in the number of children they have.
The area concerned was restricted to the rural communities within the boundary of Kyungpook province And for the purposes of comparison, two of the Guns within the province were selected: one of them is believed most traditional society in the province (Andong-Gun), the other (Yungchun-Gun) is a relatively more modernized community which has more frequent opportunities for being influenced by the urban way of life since Yungchun-Gun is adjacent to the city of Taegu (the third largest city in Korea). And. next, two Myeons (Daechang-Myeon in Yungchun-Gun, Namsun-Myeon in Andong-Gun) were selected from each Gun. The selection of these two Myeons was based upon she administrative statistics of the respective local government concerning the age and sex, although these statistics were not reliable enough to be used for this measure. The final sampling was carried out by the systematized random sampling, which was based upon the resident registration books rept in the respective Myeon office. The total number of the samples interviewed was 500 for each Myeon. But 428 samples of Daechang-Myeon and 405 samples of Namsun-Myeon were determined to be effective for this analysis.
As mentioned above, the original concern of the study was to pin up the impeding factors affecting the family planning practice in rural society of Korea. The investigation of such factors seemed to be a little far. from our grasp. Thus the analysis was concentrated upon the examination of more specific aspects of the relationship between sociodemographic variables. The summary of the major findings are as follows:
1. No significant difference seems to exist between Daechang-Myeon and Namsun Myeon in terms of information about, attitude toward and practice of family planning.
2. Factors such as socio-economic status, level of education, place of primary socialization etc., which have been generally accepted as affecting family planning practice are not influential enough to bring about such a remarkable difference in the fertility between the two communities.
3. Several studies indicate the importance of "Mothers' class" in family planning program in Korea. But present study shows that it still gives little direct help to the people in the practice of family planning. At present, however, it can be said that. "Mothers' class" itself at least gives them a certain basis for the rationalization of their attitudes and behavior which might be considered to be against traditionalism prevailing in rural society. That is, the family planning program can be supported indirectly by such an organization.
4. As pointed out by a research team of the Institute for Research in Behavioral sciences, the idea of boy preference among several variables appears to be the most influencial factor affecting not only the practice of family planning but the preference for family size in rural society as well. But the attitude toward boy preference is not enough. to explain the differential fertility between the two rural communities under study. The more important factor should be noticed: the preference for family size.
5. The attitude for a large family still remains one of the obstacles in family planning practice in spite of he government's on-going efforts to reduce the size of the family in rural society.
6. The fertility difference between the two communities seems to be best explained by considering the gap between ideal number of children they want to have and actual number of children they actually have. That is, the gap between the average ideal number of children and actual number of children in Namsun-Myeon is far greater than that in Daechang-Myeon. (See Fig. 1)
By the governments constant endeavor to reduce the size of the family as well as to diffuse the idea of family planning, it is not unusual to report the smaller number of children they want to have than they actually want to have. Thus the ideal number of children appears to be no significant difference between two areas under study. (Although
the women in Andong-Gun prefer slightly larger number of children than those in YungchunGun). However, the portant point is that the actual number of children they have differs significantly between the two communities. In other words, there exists a far greater gap among the women in Andong-Gun between the ideal number of children they want to have and the actual number of children they actually have compared to that in Yungchun-Gus This fact implies that there exists a considerable inconsistency of their attitude with their behavior in terms of the size of family among the women in Andong-Gun while they coincide among the women in Yungchun-Gun. That is the ideal number of children is not internalized among the women in Andong-Gun although they so report.
Consequently, the desirable program of the family planning in rural society of Korea seems to be as follows: the ideal number of children the report is already close to that of the government's campaign, i.e., "Two children regardless of sex". But actual number of children they have far surpasses even the ideal number of children which they so report. Therefore, the more urgent task to be fulfilled in family planning program seems to persuade them to have the same actual number of children they have as the ideal number of children they so report.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序論
• 1. 調査目的
• 2. 調査對象 및 方法
• 3. 調査對象者의 一般的 特性
• Ⅱ. 家族計劃
• 1. 家族計劃에 對한 態度
• 2. 家族計劃에 對한 實際
• Ⅲ. 男兒選好 思想
• 1. 農村社會에 있어서의 男兒選好思想
• 2. 男兒選好度와 家族計劃
• 3. 男兒選好度와 家族의 크기
• Ⅳ. 家族의 크기에 對한 態度 및 實際
• 1. 理想子女數
• 2. 現存子女數
• 3. 理想子女數 및 現存子女數와 家族計劃
• Ⅴ. 結論