神話에서 본 女能考 = Abilities of Goddess in Mythology

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In mythological creation legend, there are many goods and goddess, as creators, among races and countries in the word.
In Chinese creation legend, Empress (goddess) Yeo-Wa kneaded yellow mud and produced men and women.
Pan-Ku, a giant male who was evolved from the Yang and the Yin principles, whose body of each part composed of solar system, crops, men, nature and everything upon his death. The Taoists represented him as a shaggy primeval being armed with a huge hammer with which he breaks up rocks.
In the theory of the Yin-Yang principles, there are the opposing forces into each other in a cosmological system of dualism, which is said to have been invented by Fu-Hsi in 3000 B.C. The two principles were formed from the primeval chaos cosmos. The fundamental thought in the Yin-Yang theory was that man is the left and woman, the right.
The symbol of the Yin, the female element, is divided line or two strokes (--) and the Yang, the male element is undevided line or one stroke (-) This could be compared to the symbols of plus (+) and missus (-) forces in electron. However, the Yin principle has two lines against the Yang's one line, that brings the basic difference between spiritual matter and science.
The combination of these in pairs denote the heavenly bodies or the season and humen existence, also the combination of the liners in the triple pairs on the different position were set up into the eight, which is the fundamental system of the analytic methods on the study of the Yih-King, the Books of Change, which is the main stream of Oriental philosophy. The superiors force in the female principle indicates at its word order, in the Yin Yang of female-male's positional order.
The female's priority at word order has existed on the terms of husband-wife in old Korean as well as old Japanese. In Korean, "Kasi-Bosi" meant the couple in the order of wife-husband, so is the couple in Japanese, "Meh-ohto" and "Imo-seh", "Meh" is wife and "ohto", the husband. "Imo" is woman and "seh" is the male lover or husband.
Formation of Chinese Characters
There 50,000 letters, in the ideographic Chinese characters 10,000 characters are in common usage ; 540 character are the root words which form into over 9,000 words. This enormous number of the ideograms could be classified and simplified into the number of lines of strokes, which is the primary method to be used at refering to a Chinese dictionary. Usually, the number of strokes has from one stroke to the thirty ones, or less than one from to a twenties in common usage.
The single and its odd number of strokes is equivalent to the male (Yang) principle, and the female (Yin) principle denotes two strokes which doubles into the paired numbers. The odd number of strokes and the paired numbers can be applied to the analytical method of the words which denotes the male and female principle. Iyn (人), human or men has two strokes, that is equivalent to the Yin principle's two lines. Yew (女), woman has three strokes that is linked with the Yang principle's odd number. Thus, the formational decription of the characters usually involve the other genetive.
Descriptive formation in the root word of woman.
The man (男) has two root words, which means a worker of a field. The woman (女) is the single root word. that forms into three different sence of meanings.
1) The meaning in favorable sense
YOU 汝
beginning 始
security 安
likeness or glad 好
2) In the sense of malicious are
slave 奴
cunning, insedious 奸
jeolous 嫉妬
obscenity 妖
adultry 姦
3) The number of the beautified connotation is the largest among the three.
beautiful, pretty, cute, fragile, dainty are
?, ?, 娥, 아, 媛, 姸, 婉, 變, 娑,
According to the above analysis, a male(男) represents as a class of a worker in a field, and a woman represents another class, however human or men represents into Iyn (人) as a subjectivity on male's thought, therefore field work and woman is excluded.
Creation Legend in Ze-Ju Island in Korea
"Three gods, ko-eolnah, Yang-eolnah and Bu-eolah emerged from a earth cave. The three princess bringing a calf and seeds of five cereal species, which are packed in a wooden box, they was ashored on the island, The three princess were paired off with the three gods who were the three ancestors of the Ko, Yang, Bu family names. The legend is written down during the reign of King Sung-Jong (982-992 A.D.) The three gods denoted authority of male supremacy, yet they have not proved any functional achivement. The three princess brought in the seeds of cereal, therefore they were the innovator of agriculture and domestication of wild animals.
Similar to this legend, there are three legendary emperors in China, Fu-hsi, Shin-nong hsi and Whang-Jai. Fu-hsi is the original founder of "the Yin-Yang principle" and Whang-Jai would be the King or the ancestor or the Chinese people, and shin-Nong-hsi is the ancestor of agricultural deity, whose descendent has the family name of "Kang" that is formed with the root word of woman. Therefore chinese agricultural founder would be a woman.
Mythology of Dan-Kun in Korea
"Whan-Ung was an illegitimate son of Whan-In, thunder god. Whan-Ung has governed the nature, agriculture, human affair, punishment and good and evil.
A female bear and a male tiger have lived in a cave on the earth, they wanted to become human being. God Whan-Ung commanded them that they should eat garlics and the mugwort grass only for a hundred dabs without seeing a sun light, then they would incarnate into human. The female bear endured and overcame the toiles of the life for 21 days, however, the male tiger could not keep up the withstanding of hardships, and he gave up to become a human.
The female bear incarnated into a woman after 21 days, then she prayed for procreation under the tree of gods paradise. Whan-Ung incarnated himself as a man for a while, and he fertilized a son into the female bear, who gave the birth of Dan-Kun. King, Kum is the first King of the morning calm country in 5,000 years ago".
The definition of being "illegitimate son" has been almost agreed upon among some scholars or a being "the next son" of the thunder god Whan-In. In favor of the first born son, the next son has a prejudiced conception, therefore. the two Gods would be rather related to the good and evil sods in dualistie paint.
Whan-In, the thunder god, who had never been in men's community and stayed at god's realm only, on the other hand Whan-Ung wart a seemingly illicit god who took care of men's world, even appeared as a man, therefore "illigetmacy" meant familiar being to men's world, although authority of god's heaven is too buraucratique for people.
Although the bear mother was the mother of the first King of Korea, there is no trace where the bear was worshipped or being loved throughout the country, however, the male tiger was loved in both oriental paintings' subject Hatters, and the spirit of mountain.
The female bearwas clever enough to beat up the male tiger in the game of the cave life. she had been picking up plants while male tiger was hunting and fishing, therefore she would know better with the vegetable diet with garlics and herb wognuts though they are not pleasant to eat.
Japanese creation legend. Sun goddess Ama-terasu, who has one of her aspects, is an agricultural deity, and the other aspects is the anestress of the race and patron of the rulling family. Thus, women were worshipped everywhere as mother Earth and Sun, the heaven and given various names such as Ashratian, aphrodite, attar, Venus, Astoreth, Baalath, Allar, Ellant in European countries.
In Egypt, Goddess Isis and Maat, they are still well known as "the weeping sister" on the official Egyptian funerary dirge. Isis could transform herself into many kind of creature, and travel through earth, air, fire, and water with ease. Isis was the queen of heaven, a dove for her symbol. Maat was also the empress of hell. When she crawls forward, it was symbolized in a serpent. Those goddess created life, if she kills, she also revives the dead.
Isis and her husband (barly king, a ruler of the kingdom of the deth after his being assassinated) and her child Horus in the mythology might have taken credit for having evolved the first Holy Trinity of Father, Mother and Child.
Women were thought to have the power of hypnotizing wild animals, even the king of beast, and to the tamer of lions, Woman lifted men out of their way of life that is resembled the way of handling the boasts, men were merely hunting and fishing for food, who found shelter where they could in jungles, in tutees and caves.
Early human beings had good grounds for thinking of woman as a goddess. Lacking knowledge about procreation and thus unable to understand how women brought babies into the world, especially mystified by woman's accomplishments with her digging stick in the earth, enchanted by her uses of fire and manufacture of useful commodities, appreciative of her arts of healing, her companions regarded her as a favorite of the unseen world. Everything she did was thought magical. She was worshipped, indeed as a magician. The deep regard for her leadership in all the amazing processes of creativeness expressed itself in efforts to appease her, if need be, to win her aid and comfort, in erecting temples for her honer and appointing priestesses to serve her.
Our traditional moral value on women have been circulated as the victim of ignorance, subordintion of total subjection which was leading thought throughout our written history. Male oriented events were the succession of invastion, struggle, threateing others, imposing authority to others.
In order to obtain ever lasting effects on the peace, the new sense of value should be established on the men's psychological evolution in the future.
Women's funtional ability in mythology give us an idea, because woman can give others more love than being loved and she has emphasized love, peace and harmony.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ.머리말
• Ⅱ.中國 創世主의 陰陽說
• Ⅲ.日本 天皇家의 祖上神
• Ⅳ.韓國의 創造傳說
• 1.耽蘿國의 始祖
• 2.檀君傳說
• Ⅴ.埃及의 創世主들
• Ⅴ.바알神의 母神들
• Ⅶ.博統的 觀念
• 1.平和具現과 女性心理
• 2.女神의 誕生糾明
• 3.傳統的 價値觀念과 未來
• Ⅷ.맺는말