J. Dewey 哲學에 있어서의 道德의 諸問題 = The Problems of Morals in J. Dewey's Philosophy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Morals can be considered a study on the behavior of seeking the good and of refusing the evil. Once Aristoteles said that a moral sense couldn't derive from simplicity. Morals could be discussed in that man shared pathos and logos as a being between god and animal. Dewey's moral sense too could be discussed by man's complexity such as impulse, habit, and intelligence. In according to the traditional ethics, impulse was regard as an untamed juvenile vagrant.
But Dewey believe that it is possible to change the power indwelling in impulse inot the reformative power destroying hard shell of habit only when the former is tamed well. Habit is against the reformative power from the outside in that it is very conservative as a internalized phenomena of morals and internalized in its hard shell.
Therefore, habit tends to have permanency only if it is once fixed on a bad habit and habit is hard to culture.
Dewey regards research work of intelligence as the most effective method in changing bad habits into good habits. It is because intelligence is reasonable that intelligence is able to culture habit by its persuasive power which is placid and intellectual. Dewey thinks that the principle of morals should be treated by empiricism, not by transcendentalism, since morals is a study on human behavior.
As experience is interaction between me and environment, the evolution of my behacior is done by the result of that interaction. That is the reason why it is the point of view of consequentism in contrast with kant's motivism which stresses motivation.
Morals should not be of the value of judgement of morals-contered education in the way of this being good and that being bad, but of the consideration of the situation. It is Dewey's situation of ethics that the situation is regard as a variable factor of the value.
It is difficult that we use the terms 'abosolute, 'entire, as far as human affair is concerned, because man is always a being placed at the state of lack if existence. The important work of in is to do his best in expectation of achieving the situation 'absolute, 'entire,. Therefore, the possibility and the mobility into which situation they change arise as an important work.
As an individual is a core unit of society, morals too is extend to the field of entire society. Therefore, industrialized morals agree with social morals. Dewey analyzed the achivement of the industrialized society and dealt with the negative side from the point of wiew of social pathology. Dewey presented a remedy of morals as a prescription dealing with social evils.
In fact, Dewey's remedy of morals is on the basis of individual's willingness and of consciousness of what should be, and have interation of making more human society by helping smooth by suing morals.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序言
• A. 硏究의 目的
• B. 硏究의 制限點
• Ⅱ. 道德性發達의 諸要素
• A. 習慣
• B. 衝動
• C. 知性
• Ⅲ. 善과 惡의 構造
• Ⅳ. 先驗的 道德律과 經驗的 道德律
• Ⅴ. Motivism과 Consequentism
• Ⅵ. 可變性과 流動性
• Ⅶ. 道德의 機能
• Ⅷ. 結言