다문화가정의 이중언어 사용에 관한 질적 탐색 = A Qualitative Study of Children' Bilingual Use in Multicultural Families in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Purpose: With the increase in Korea's multicultural population, interest in the bilingual use of children from culturally and linguistically diverse environments is increasing. This research qualitatively examined bilingual use in multicultural families. Methods: Focus group interviews were conducted with mothers raising children from culturally and linguistically diverse environments; the interviews were recorded and transcribed. Twenty-six mothers from multicultural families living in metropolitan cities, small cities, and rural areas participated in the study and were divided into four focus groups. The mean age of the mothers was 33, and the average residence period in Korea was 9.3 years. The mothers' ethnic origin was as follows: Chinese including ethnic Koreans (27%), Vietnamese (15.3%), Philippine (15.3%), Mongolian (11.5%), and Japanese (11.5%). The data were analyzed based on themes analysis and the results were derived. Results: The results showed that 10 themes and 48 sub-themes related to the dual language use of multicultural families were derived. The 10 topics were as follows: lack of understanding in dual language development; attitudes toward dual language; parental roles in child care; adaptation of mother and child to Korean society; difficulties in communicating with children and family members; changes in recognition of dual language use; appropriate time for dual language learning; benefits of using dual languages; methods for teaching dual languages; and mothers' needs for bilingual acquisition of children. Conclusion: In this study, the results were presented to mothers' perception and attitude toward bilingual use including fathers and children, and lack of understanding in dual language development. This study provides practical information on multilingual children's bilingual language development and use.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

목적: 다문화인구 증가에 따라 다문화가정의 이중언어사용에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 다문화어머니를 대상으로 다문화가정의 이중언어 사용에 관해 질적으로 탐색하고 관련 정보를 제공하기 위한 목적으로 실시하였다. 방법: 다문화가정의 이중언어 사용에 관한 질적 탐색을 위해서 OO지역 다문화가족지역센터, 관련 기관에서 자녀를 양육하고 있는 다문화 어머니를 대상으로 포커스 집단을 구성하였다. 최종적으로광역시 1집단, 농어촌 2집단, 중소도시 1집단, 총 4개의 포커스 집단을 구성하고 면담을 실시하여 이중언어사용에 대한 정보를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 주제 분석에 따라 분석하여 결과를 도출하였다. 결과: 다문화가정의 이중언어 사용과 관련하여 10개의 주제와 48개의 하위주제가 도출되었으며, 도출된 10개의 주제는‘이중언어발달에 대한 이해 부족’, ‘이중언어에 대한 태도’, ‘자녀양육에서 부모의 역할’, ‘어머니와 자녀의 한국 사회 적응’, ‘의사소통의 어려움 경험’, ‘이중언어에 관한 인식의 변화, 이중언어 학습 시기, 이중언어 사용의 이점, 이중언어 학습 방법’, ‘이중언어 습득을 위한 요구’이다. 결론: 다문화가정의 이중언어 사용에는 이중언어발달에 대한 이해, 이중언어에 대한 태도, 부모 역할 수행, 한국사회 적응 등이 영향을 주고 있었으며 이는 다시 가족 구성간의 의사소통, 자녀의 어머니 모국어 학습시기와 학습 방법 등과 관련이 있었다. 다문화가정에서는 아동이 어머니의 모국어를 사용하였을 때 이점은 인식하고 있었으며, 이중언어에 대한 생각이 변화하고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 우리나라 다문화가정의 이중언어 사용과 언어환경과 관련되어 여러 측면에서 실제적인 정보를 제공해 줄 수 있을 것으로 보이며, 도출된 결과를 바탕으로 대상자를확대하여 양적연구를 통해 살펴볼 필요가 있을 것이다.

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