파키스탄의 대 강대국 외교: 대미 대중 관계를 중심으로 = Between the Eagle and the Dragon : Pakistan's Foreign Policy Towards the US and China

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper aims at investigating Pakistan's relationships with the US and China since its independence in 1947 through the neo-realist lenses. Since its inception, Pakistan has been suffering from endemic sectarian violence,incompetent and corrupt regimes, massive intereference of the army in politics,sluggish economic development, and so on. Its rivalry with powerful India has been taking lion's share of its external concerns. Given the level of internal and external challenges Pakistan faces, it is inevitable to seek outside assistance to preserve its sovereignty and maintain security. The US and China have been the most trusted allies for Pakistan despite many ups and downs. Throughout the Cold War and post-Cold War periods, Islamabad has sought security ties with these powerful nations under the fast-changing unpredictable security environment. The relationships between Pakistan and the US have soured from time to time mainly due to their different threat perceptions and security priorities. The relationships between Pakistan and China have fared a little better,because they share more common security interests, especially deterring India,than the US does. The analysis of Pakistan's relationships with the US and China demonstrates that Islamabad's main motivations for security ties with these countries come primarily from its material interests based on its important but vulnerable geo-strategic location rather than its religious or ideological conviction, and junior partner's difficult choice in an asymmetric alliance,especially her concern over abandonment by the powerful ally.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

1억 8천만이라는 전 세계에서 인도네시아 다음으로 많은 무슬림들이 살고 테러와 종파분쟁이 횡행하며 핵무장까지 한 실패한 국가로 낙인찍힌 파키스탄은 현재 서구인들의 많은 관심을 끌고 있는데 특히 중동, 중앙아시아, 남아시아, 중국을 연결하는 지정학적 요충에 자리 잡고 있다는 사실 때문에 미국과 중국의 지대한 관심을 받고 있다.
이렇듯 파키스탄의 존재와 그 안위가 가지는 파괴력은 남아시아 지역을 넘어 아시아전역에 상당한 파급력을 미칠 수 있을 정도로 중요한 이슈임에도 불구하고 국내에서는 파키스탄에 대한 연구가 일천한 것이 사실이다. 본 논문은 21세기 초 국제 안보에서 가장 큰 이슈 중에 하나인 파키스탄의 안보 문제를 파키스탄에 가장 중요한 우방국인 미국과 중국과의 관계를 통해 검토해 보고자 한다. 대내외적으로 산적한 안보문제를 갖고 있는 파키스탄에게 외부의 지원은 절실한 것이었는데 파키스탄은 냉전과 탈냉전 시기를 통틀어 이들 강대국들과의 동맹 결성, 유지를 통해 특히 이웃 강대국 인도로부터의 안전을 보장받으려 하였다. 파키스탄은 미국과의 관계에서 위협인식과 전략 우선순위에 대한 차이 때문에 극심한 부침을 겪었다. 대중 관계는 좀 더 무난했는데 이는 양 국가가 인도의 봉쇄라는 공통된 전략목표를 공유했기 때문이다. 대부분의 경우 양국과의 관계에서 보인 파키스탄의 대외 전략은 지정학적 취약함에서 오는 안보 극대화에 대한 고려가 우선이었고 종교나 이데올로기의 역할은 미미하였다. 또한 비대칭 동맹 상황에서 파키스탄은 미국으로부터의 방기 위험에 대해 중국과의 관계 증진을 통해 극복하려 했음을 보여준다.

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