The distribution of ametropia whether refractive or axial in communities is variable according to factors such as ethnicon, age, living environment, and working begavior among others.
Among young adults in Korea whose eves are fully matured most ametropia results form myopic refractive errors. It is well known that the prevalence of myopia among college students in Korea is very high, more than 60%.
Nevertheless, community based epidemiological research on the causalities of myopia has: not been adequately performed to provide preventive or control measures for myopia for the young in Korea.
In view of this, the author attempted an epidemiological study on myopia using the distribution of personal characteristics, and analyzing these factors on a total of 8,555(4,006 in 1981 and 4,549 in 1982) newly enrolled college students of Korea University
The summarized results were as follows:
1. A total sample of 115 among 3,337 ametropic cases discovered during screening by visual acuity examination were selected for confirmation by objective refraction tests. One hundred percent of these were discovered to be of the myopic type. Statistical analysis of visual acuity and refraction revealed:
R=-3.172+3.407V, r=-0.781, p<0.001
V=0.748+0.179R, r=-0.781, p<0.001
Using simple linear regression; and
log(-R)=0.543-1.050V, R^(2)=0.673, F=419.478, p<0.001
logV=-0.042+0.629R, R^(2)=0.760, f=588.559, P<0.001
using logarithmic transformation of exponential curve linear regression, where V= visual acuity, and R=refraction in diopter.
2. The prevalence of ametropia was 65% in 1981 and 73% in 1982. Most of the ametropic cases were predicted to be the myopic type of refractive errors. No significant difference in prevalence by sex was found. However, the rates among males raised in urban areas, and among high economic females found to be significantly higher than other groups.
3. Factors related to causalities of myopia were analysed in terms of work credit, reading behavior, heredity, and food habits as shown in the followings;
(1) The correlation between the variables of visual acuity and score on college entrance examinations was
V=-0.01S+1.52, r=-0.14, p<0.001(where S=score)
Showing a low interpretation capacity but very high reliability.
(2) Average distance between the eyes and a book while reading was significantly shorter in myopia than the emetropia group. Distance in the majority of myopia cases were less than 25cm.
(3) Attack rate of myopia of siblings born from myopic parents(one or both eyes) was found to be significantly higher(doubled) than that from emetropic parents. This provides substantial evidence that heredity plays an important role in revealing myopia.
(4) There were more vegetarians and persons with seriously unbalanced diets in the myopia group. However, rates by visual acuity were too low to be tested for significance.
4. Clinical findings included the relationship between the site of major eye and myopic eye, data on the correction of visual acuity, and onset on visual disturbances.
(1) In the majority of the emetropic group the major eye was the right eye, while in persons whose right eyes were myopic the majority had left eyes as the major ones.
Similarly, in case where the left eye was myopic the right eye tended to be the major eye. In cases where both eyes were myopic, the pattern followed the emetropic group in that the majority had the right eyes as the major eye.
(2) The more severe the myopic status was, the higher the rate of wearing glasses was. About 50% of glasses wearers got their glasses from opticians without an ophthalmologist’s prescription.
(3) The onset of visual disturbance in the majority(47%) of myopic cases was during highschool.
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