稻熱病 抵抗性에 關한 硏究 = Studies on the Resistance of Blast Disease
This study was made to investigate the degree of rice blast disease developing in various plants and also the relationship between the disease developing and the amount of content of nutrients in rice plants which were differently dressed. Possibility for culture of rice-blast race was studied and the structure of infected leaves were observed by electron microscope.
1) The varieties sampled, Pung-kwang, Jin-heung, Pal-tal, Pung-ok and Tong-il, were seeded and cultivated in pots. When fifth or sixth leaf emerged, the races of blast T,C,N were innoculated in all varieties. In dressing test Pung-ok, which leas susceptible to blast, was dressed with nitrogen fertilizer in ordinary and twofold and in none-dressing or dressing of silicon fertilizer. When the fifth or sixth leaf was appeared, races T, C, N was innoculated in each varieties of pot. In all experiment the degree of infection was checked out according to the order of leaf, and at the same time, the relationship between the degree of disease developing and the contents of nutrients by determining the total nitrogen, total sugar, phosphoric acid, kalium, silicon dioxide soluble nitrogen and soluble sugar was studied.
The occurance of symptom was relatively frequent in upper primary or secondary leaf in all varieties regardless of the kind of fertilizers or their dressing amount. Comparing the occurrencies of disease development in examined varieties, Jin heung was lowest and Pung-ok was highest, while Tong-il was completely free from the infection of the disease.
The race T-type attacked most seriously the varieties of Jin-heung, Pal-Tal and Pung-kwang except Pung-ok, C-type was moderate and N-type was very weak in Pung-ok.
In the amount of dressing, the occurance of disease was very rare in the rice plant of N-ordinary-silicon fertilizer dressed and frequent in that of nitrogen fertilizer-twofold-and-silicon fertilizer none dressed. The disease developing differed with the races, indicating T-type was most poweful, C-type moderate while N-type was weak.
In the interaction between the contents of nutrients in riceplant and the degree of disease developing, Pung-ok, which was very abundant in nitrogen, phosporic acid, glutamic acid, asp artic acid glutamine, asparagine, cystine, serine and sucrose but little in sugar, kalium and silicondioxide, was most susceptible to the disease.
Jin-heung, resistant one, was opposite to Pung-ok in all aspects. As a result there was a correlation between the kind or amount of nutrients in rice plant and the disease attack. According to the amount of dressed fertilizer, the rice plant dressed in N-twofold and silicon dioxide none dressed had the larger amounts of total nitrogen, phosphoric acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and gldtamine but little in sugar and silicon dioxide contents. While in the rice plant dressed with N-ordinary and silicon fertilizer. the tendancy of disease occuring was low respectively.
2) The study on the cultivation of race T,C,N in the media added such organic acid as succinic acid, valeric acid, malic acid, ketoglutaric acid and such phenolic chlorogenic acid and salicylic acid was made. The result of which was as follow:
① There were no differences in growth of T,C,N type races.
② In the media added organic acid the growth was favorable.
③ In the media added chlorogenic acid the growth was promoted but in the one added salicylic acid the growth was inhibited.
3) The morphological changes of the infected waves alls the structure of hypha of blast which had penetrated into the leaf cell of Pung-ok, which was susceptible one to the disease, was observed by electric microscope.
The following facts were found.
① In healthy leaves normal nucleus, mitohcondria, chloroplast, entoplasmic reticulum, vacuole and cytoplasm, especially round substances, were chearly observed by electron microspcope.
② In the infected leaves, the space of the nucleus double memberance was enlarged, and some of the nucleu walls were destroyed. The thinlayer structure of glanalamelae in lamela system was enlarged, somewhere spates were appeared while stromas were disappeared. In mitochondria the spaces of the double membrance were enlarged.
③ Cytoplasm of cell which were attacked by hypha was completely destroyed and the hypha lost their normal structure.
④ In the structure of hypha which penetrated into the cell wall of epidermis, nucleus, mitochondria, round ectoplasmic reticulum, vacuole and substances were clearly observed.
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