전인적 간호요소로서의 희망 개념에 관한 횡문화적 연구 : Toward a Theory Construction of Hope For Nursing = Transcultural Study on Hope of Caring Component

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study has been conducted ① to identify conceptual system of hope of Americans and ② to compare conceptual system of Americans with that of koreans in 1991 ③ to identify the universal characteristics and specific characteristics of hope between Koreans and Americans using qualitative data from 28 American chronically ill-patients and nurses.
The major questions to get qualitative data was "Please list three items (words or sentences) in the order as they occur to you when you think about hope." And 9 additive open-ended questions were used to enhance the reliability and validity.
Data analysis involved three levels of increasing complexity and abstractness which was a grouping process of concept with meaning and value to form a more abstract and a greater in scope.
The results were as follows.
Initial level 1 grouping with listed words or setences yields 19 distinct categories : positive behavior/personal reaction, subjectivity of basic hope, subjectivity of specific hope, information, meaning of life, mutual relationship/dependence, spiritual belief, energy/self confidence, time, goal/acomplishment, captive state, communion, environmental stability, existence of caring staffs, altruistic love, bright/light, possibility/potentiality, chance, wish/ expectation/ hopelessness.
Categories of environmental stability, existence of caring staffs, altruistic love, chanice were new categories identified from this study in comparing with those categories in Koreans in 1991.
Level two abstraction with the above 19 categories from level one grouping yields the categories of subjectivity of hope', `objectivity of hope', and `source of hope'.
The final abstraction yields the greatest concepts in scope of `component of hope', `metaphor of hope', related concept/contrary concept'.
In the level 1, `environmental stability', `existence of caring staffs', `altruistic love', `chance' were identified in as new categories comparing with the study in Korea, 1991. In the level 2 and level 3 abstraction, no new categories were identified.