공동체 참여형 도시재생의 의미와 정책 내 반영실태에 관한 고찰: 영국의 New Deal for Communities 프로그램을 중심으로 = Examinations of Meanings of Community Participation in Urban Regeneration and Their Applications in Regeneration Policy: Focusing on New Deal for Communities Programme in the UK

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examines theories of community participation in urban regeneration and their application in the UK urban regeneration policy. It is generally assumed that community participation is a ‘good thing’, and with greater participation of community, we can resolve many problems that have occurred under the conventional style of urban redevelopment process. However, we have not yet seriously and critically examined the assumptions: its theoretical grounds and its effectiveness. As a first step of the critical examination of the assumptions, this study explores the backgrounds of the attention to the concept of the community in contemporary urban regeneration, the grounds for the public participation in planning process, and their applications in the UK urban regeneration policy. Subsequently, this study draws out implications for the current urban regeneration policies in Korea, in particular with regard to community participation.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

최근의 도시재생 추진 방식이 지금까지 기성시가지에서 추진되어왔던 재개발 · 재건축 사업과 가장 다른 점 중 하나는 공동체의 참여를 계획 수립 단계부터 강조하고 있다는 점이다. 이렇게 도시재생 과정, 더 나아가 공공정책 과정에서 공동체나 시민참여를 강조하고 있는 것은 한국뿐 아니라 작금의 많은 서구 민주주의 국가들에서도 일어나고 있는 공통적인 현상이다. 이러한 공동체 참여의 확대를 요구하는 주장들을 살펴보면, ‘작금의 도시계획에서 일어나고 있는 많은 문제점들은 더 많은 참여를 통해 상당 부분 해결할 수 있고, 더욱 바람직한 결과를 만들 수 있다’라는 가정들에서 출발하는 경우가 많다. 하지만 지금까지 이런 가정들에 관한 이론적 검증이나 경험 연구를 통한 정책에서의 효과 검증에 대해서는 상대적으로 연구가 소홀하였다. 본 논문은 이런 문제의식에서 시작해서 이러한 가정들을 고찰하고 검증하기 위한 첫 단계로서, ‘과연 공동체’란 무엇이고 왜 현재 시점에서 공동체 참여를 요구하고 있는 것인가’와 ‘도시계획에서, 특히 도시재생에서 지역 공동체의 참여는 왜 필요한 것일까?’라는 물음들에 대한 답을 정치철학, 민주주의와 도시계획 이론들의 고찰을 통하여 찾아보았다. 이어서 이러한 공동체의 개념과 참여 이론들이 어떻게 도시재생 정책에 반영되어 있는지를 영국의 NDC 프로그램을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 이러한 이론적 고찰을 바탕으로 한국의 도시재생 정책에서의 참여제도 디자인에 관한 시사점을 살펴보았다.

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