특허통합의 제도적 조건: 유럽특허조약의 확대, 1977-2010

국문 초록 (Abstract)

지식경제의 시대에 지적 재산권은 향후 국제경쟁의 향방을 좌우하게 될 게임의 규칙이다. 그러나 세계무역기구협정 중에서도 지적 재산권협정은 가장 진척이 느린 국제조약이기도 하다. 이러한 의미에서 지역경제 수준에서 특허통합을 실현한 유럽특허조약에 주목할 필요가 있다. 이 연구에서는 특허통합은 경제적 효율화의 문제일 뿐만 아니라 정치적 구조화 그리고 사회적 정당화의 문제로 본다. 구체적으로 거래비용 경제학, 제도주의 정치경제학, 사회학적 제도주의는 제도주의라는 이름을 공유하고 있으면서도 특허제도의 존재목적에 대해 근본적으로 상이한 설명을 하고 있다. 이러한 이론적 배경에서 이 연구에서는 특허통합의 제도적 동기를 규명하기 위해 거래비용 경제학에 근거한 3개의 경제적 효율화 가설, 제도주의 정치경제학에 근거한 3개의 정치적 구조화 가설, 사회학적 제도주의에 근거한 3개의 사회적 정당화 가설을 제시하였다. 그리고 1977년부터 2010년까지 유럽특허조약을 체결한 33개 주권국가들을 대상으로 한 사건사 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 경제적 효율화 가설과 사회적 정당화 가설은 모두 채택되었으나, 정치적 구조화 가설은 모두 기각되었다.

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