한국영아들의 초기 비언어적 의사소통에서 보이는 의도성 발달

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 한국영아들을 대상으로 다른 사람의 의도를 이해하고 이것을 자신의 의사소통행동에 반영시키는 능력의 발달을 알아보고자 2가지 연구 분석을 수행하였다. 연구1에서는 8개월에서 18개월 사이의 영아들을 대상으로 하여 의도적 의사소통의 한 방법인 가리키기 제스처의 이해와 산출의 발달적 출현 시기를 조사하였다. 그 결과 통계적으로 유의한 수준에서 과반수의 영아들이 가리키기 제스처를 이해할 수 있는 것은 10개월에서 시작되었으며, 14개월이 되면 보다 먼 거리에 있는 물체에 대한 가리키기를 이해할 수 있었다. 반면, 선언적인 기능을 가진 가리키기 제스처의 산출은 12개월에서 유의하게 시작되었으며, 14개월이 되면 보다 먼 거리에 있는 물체에 대한 가리키기 제스처를 산출할 수 있었다. 연구2에서는 이러한 의도적 제스처의 이해와 산출이 유의하게 시작된 월령에서 각각의 이해와 산출이 가능한 영아들과 그렇지 않은 영아들의 두 집단으로 나누어 전반적인 의사소통능력 그리고 가장놀이 능력과의 관련성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 제스처의 이해와 산출은 서로 독립적인 발달상을 보였다. 따라서 영아들의 의도성 이해를 반영하는 제스처의 발달은 언어발달의 이전 단계로써 진행되기 보다는 사회적 적응을 위한 독립적인 기능으로써 발달한다는 논의가 되었다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 연구1
• 연구2
• 종합논의
• 참고문헌
• 영문초록

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 곽금주, "한국영아발달연구" 학지사 2004
• 2 Leslie, "theory of mind" 412-426, 1987
• 3 Rochat, P, "Young infants' sensitivity to movement information specifying social causality" 12 : 537-561, 1997
• 4 Lempers,J.D, "Young children's production and comprehension of nonverbal deictic behaviors" 135 : 93-102, 1979
• 5 Birmingham, "When intentional communication emerges? Developmental dissociations between declarative and imperative functions of the pointing gesture Poster presented at the Developmental Conference of the British Psychological Society" 1993
• 6 & Jarrett, "What mind have in common is space Spatial mechanisms serving joint visual attention in infancy British Journal of Developmental Psychology" Butterworth 55-72, 1991
• 7 Desrochers, S.,, "Two perspectives on pointing in infancy Its origins and role in development" In C 85-101, 1995
• 8 Moore,C, "Theories of mind in infancy" 14 : 19-40, 1996
• 9 & Grover, "The origins of referential communication in human infancy Thought without Language" Butterworth 5-21, 1989
• 10 "The emergence of symbols Cognition and Communication in infancy" Academic Press erra : 1979
• 11 Camaioni, L, "The emergence of intentional communication in ontogencyphylogeny, and pathology. European Psychologist" 2 : 216-225, 1997
• 12 In J, "The development of intentional communication New perspectives in early communicative development" 1993
• 13 Wellman, "The child's theory of mind" MIT Press 1990
• 14 Bates, "The acquisition of performatives prior to speech" erra : 205-226, 1975
• 15 Charman, T, "Testing joint attention, imitation, and play as infancy precursors to language and theory of mind" 481-498, 2000
• 16 Lock, "Some observations on the origins of the pointing gesture From gesture to language in hearing and deaf children" Springer Verlag erra & c : 42-55, 1990
• 17 Zukow,P.G, "Socio-perceptual bases for emergence of language:An alternative to innatist approaches" 23 : 705-726, 1990
• 18 Zukow,P.G, "Socio-perceptual bases for emergence of language:An alternative to innatist approaches" 23 : 705-726, 1990
• 19 Moore, "Social understanding at the end of the first year of life" 349-372, 1994
• 20 Carpenter, M, "Social cognition, joint attention, and communicative competence from 9 to 15months of age" 63 (63): 1998
• 21 Legerstee, M, "Sharing attention and pointing to objects at 12 months: is the intentional stance implied?" 18 : 91-110, 2003
• 22 Leslie,A.M, "Pretending and believing:issues in the theory of ToMM" 50 : 211-238, 1994
• 23 "Possible origin of speech in selective orienting" 62-73, 1985
• 24 Franco, F, "Pointing and social awareness: Declaring and requesting in the second year." 23 : 307-336, 1996
• 25 Whiten, "Natural theories of mind development and simulation of everyday mindreading" Oxford University Press tion : 1991
• 26 Early Development, "Mind knowledge in infancy the emergence of intentional communication" 15-22, 1992
• 27 Bruner, "Learning to use language" 1983
• 28 Morissette, P.,, "Joint visual attention and pointing in infancy A longitudinal study of comprehension British Journal of Developmental Psychology" 13 : 163-175, 1995
• 29 Tomasello, M., "Joint attention as social cognition Its origins and role in development" In C 103-130, 1995
• 30 Lewis, M, "Intentions, Consciousness, and Pretend Play : Developing theories of intention: social understanding and self control" 77-94, 1999
• 31 Barresi, J, "Intentional relations and social understanding. Behavioral and Brain Sciences" 19 : 107-154, 1996
• 32 Woodward,A.L, "Infants' ability to distinguish between purposeful and non-purposeful behaviors" 22 : 145-160, 1999
• 33 Woodward,A.L, "Infants selectively encode the goal object of an actor's reach" 69 : 1-34, 1998
• 34 Tomasello, M, "Having intentions, understanding intentions, and understanding communicative intentions : Developing theories of intention: social understanding and self control" 63-75, 1999
• 35 Csibra, G, "Goal attribution without agency cues the perception of pure reason in infancy." 72 : 237-267, 1999
• 36 Dobrich, "Form and function in early communication Journal of Experimental Child Psychology" 475-490, 1984
• 37 Wellman, "Early understanding of mind Perspectives from autism" Oxford University Press 10-39, 1993
• 38 Bretherton, "Early person knowledge as expressed in gestural and verbal communication theory of mind ? In M" Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 333-373, 1981
• 39 A, "Developmental changes in the representation of objects in symbolic play from 18 to 34 months of age" 1981186-195
• 40 In M, "Development of pointing behavior in infants and mother's responsive behavior Longitudinal study of infants from 9 to 30 months The development of verbal behavior VI Bulletin of the Faculty of Education University of Tokyo" ogi : 1984
• 41 Petitto, "Development of language and language researchers" Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 1988187-222
• 42 Harris, "Developing theories of mind" Cambridge University Press 1988
• 43 Rochat, P, "Detection of intentional action in infancy." 1998
• 44 Wetherby, A.M, "Communication and symbolic behavior scales developmental profile." Brookes publishing 2002
• 45 Frye, "Children's theories of mind" Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 1991
• 46 Werner, "An organismic-developmental approach to language and expression of thought" 1963
• 47 Hannan,T.E, "An examination of spontaneous pointing in 20 to 50-month-old children" 74 : 651-658, 1992
• 48 Murphy, "A study of gesture Studies in mother-infant interaction" Academic Press 325-354, 1977