중대재해처벌법의 실효성 제고를 위한 법적 쟁점 분석 및경영자 안전보건관리 전략에 대한 연구 = A Study on Conflict Prevention in the Site Selection of National Defense Facility Relocation Projects

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 2022년부터 시행된 중대재해처벌법의 주요 내용과 쟁점을 분석하고, 경영자를 위한 실질적인 안전보건관리 전략을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 중대재해처벌법은 산업 현장에서 발생하는 중대재해를 예방하고 근로자의 생명과 안전을 보호하기 위해 도입되었으나, 법률의 모호성과 적용의 불확실성으로 인해 실효성에 대한 논란이 지속되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 중대재해처벌법의 주요 내용을 개관하고, 경영책임자 처벌 규정과 징벌적 손해배상제도를 중심으로 법적 쟁점을 분석하였다. 특히 '안전보건확보의무'의 모호성, 인과관계 입증의 어려움, 고의 또는 중과실 판단 기준의 불명확성 등이 주요 쟁점으로 도출되었다. 또한, 최근 발생한 중대재해 사례들을 통해 법률 적용의현실적 어려움을 살펴보았다. 다음으로, 중대재해처벌법의 징벌적 손해배상 제도를 제조물책임법과 비교 분석하고, 미국, 영국, 독일 등 주요 국가의 제도와 비교하여 한국 제도의 특징과 문제점을 도출하였다. 징벌적 성격의 불명확성,과도한 배상액 논란, 소송 남용 가능성 등이 주요 문제점으로 지적되었다. 마지막으로, 경영자들이 중대재해처벌법에효과적으로 대응하고 안전한 일터를 조성하기 위한 실질적인 안전보건관리 전략을 제시하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to analyze the key legal issues of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act (SAPA),which came into effect on 2022, in South Korea, and to propose practical occupational safety and healthmanagement strategies for business executives. The SAPA was introduced to prevent serious industrial accidentsand protect workers' lives and safety. However, its effectiveness has been controversial due to the ambiguity ofthe law and uncertainty in its application. The study first provides an overview of the SAPA's main provisionsand analyzes legal issues focusing on the punishment of business executives and the punitive damages system.
Key issues identified include the ambiguity of "safety and health obligations," difficulties in proving causality,and unclear criteria for determining intent or gross negligence. Recent cases of serious accidents are examinedto illustrate practical challenges in applying the law. Furthermore, the study compares the punitive damagessystem under the SAPA with that of the Product Liability Act and similar systems in the United States, UnitedKingdom, and Germany. This comparative analysis highlights the characteristics and problems of the Koreansystem, such as the unclear punitive nature, controversy over excessive compensation, and potential for abuse oflitigation. Finally, the study proposes practical occupational safety and health management strategies for businessexecutives to effectively respond to the SAPA and create safer workplaces. Key strategies include establishing asafety and health management system, conducting risk assessments, implementing safety education, managingsubcontractor safety, and investing in safety and health.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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