중국의 혁신 경제 체제로의 전환: 개별 주체의 특허 분석을 중심으로 = China's Transition into Innovation-Driven Economy: Focus on Patent Analysis of Individual Actors

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Although China has transformed itself into an innovation economy in the 2000s, the previous studies have only exhibited analysis results at the aggregated levels of major actors - universities, firms, and public institutes. Therefore, in this research, I intended to draw implications by analyzing patenting activities of individual innovation actors in order to diagnose the transformational process at a more micro-level.
First, as an indicator to measure innovation activities, I opted for patents since they are not only a very useful yardstick for showing technological development patterns and delivering quantitative information, but they also harbor commercial value therein. Amongst various types of patents that Chinese innovation actors applied for, the US patents have been employed inasmuch as they are recognized as the most important in terms of value in the market.
As a result, it was found that China had increased US patent applications as it had built a firm-centered innovation system for the last 10 years. Also, it was identified that Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry, Huawei Technologies, and Tsinghua University had been major individual actors. As for the technological fields, it was explored that H04(Electric Communication Technique), G06(Computing; Calculating; Counting) and H01(Basic Electric Elements) had been the most active ones during the reference period.
In the future, this research can be extended into two streams - an analysis at an individual technological level and a comparative analysis with other countries. In the first case, we can investigate how Chinese roles in the world electronics market will change by making use of the analysis result in this research. Meanwhile, in the second part, we can draw various implications by comparing this result with the additional inquiry into the comparable countries that had attained a rapid economic growth through technological innovation.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

2000년대 들어서 중국이 급격한 속도로 혁신 주도형 경제로 변화하였음에도 불구하고, 기존의 중국 혁신시스템에 대한 연구는 국가혁신체제에 바탕을 둔 대학, 기업, 공공연구소의 종합적 분석 측면에만 초점이 맞추어져 왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중국의 혁신 경제를 설명하는 데 있어, 개별 주체에 대한 분석을 수행함으로써 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다.
먼저 혁신 활동을 측정할 수 있는 지표로는 특허를 선정하였다. 특허는 기술 개발 현황 및 진화 과정에 대한 정량적인 정보를 제공하는 데 있어 매우 중요한 자료일 뿐 아니라, 상업성에 대한 가치를 포함하고 있기 때문에 혁신 지표로도 유용하게 사용될 수 있기 때문이다. 또한 중국의 자국 특허보다는 여러 가지 면에서 현재 가장 높은 가치를 인정받고 있는 미국 특허를 사용하였다.
분석 결과, 중국은 최근 10년간 빠른 속도로 기업 중심의 혁신 체제를 구축하면서, 미국 특허 출원을 급격히 늘려 왔으며, ‘홍푸진 정밀공업(鸿富锦精密工业)’, ‘화웨이 테크놀로지스(华为技术有限公司)’, ‘칭화대학(清华大学)’ 등이 주도적인 역할을 해왔음을 알 수 있었다. 기술 분야에서는 H04(전기통신 기술), G06(산술논리연산), H01(전기소자) 등에서 혁신 역량 축적이 가장 활발했던 것으로 나타났다.
향후에는 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 개별 기술 수준에서의 분석 및 국가간 비교 연구가 추가적으로 수행될 수 있을 것이다. 먼저, 개별 기술 수준에서의 분석은 중국이 주요 기업 및 대학을 중심으로 확대해 온 혁신 역량이 향후 세계 전자 산업에 어떠한 영향을 미칠 것인가에 대한 연구가 수행될 수 있다. 또한 과거 기술 혁신 역량의 축적을 통해 빠른 경제 성장을 달성한 국가들과의 비교 연구를 통해서도 시사점 도출이 가능할 것이다.

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