특집 : 합리적 선택론 법사회학과 사회규범 = Rational Choice Sociology of Law and Social Norm

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 글에서 우리는 사회의 법·규범 현상에 대한 합리적 선택론의 연구입장을 살펴본다. 먼저, 합리적 선택론의 연구전략이 갖는 방법론적 특징에 대한 간략한 검토로서 시작한다. 본론에서 우리는 법사회학적 합리적 선택론의 주요 영역이자 적용사례로서 사회규범에 대해 분석해 본다. 합리적 선택론의 분석틀에서 사회규범이 갖는 강제구속적, 자체집행적 특성들을 해석하며, 규범적 준칙이 갖는 근본적인 ‘차선적’ 성격에 대해 설명한다. 행위준칙이라는 차원에서 사회규범(social norm)이 어떻게 공식법(legal norm)과 관례(convention) 등과 다른지에 대해 논의한다. 규범은 크게 보아 효율성의 논리에 따르지만 불가피하게 차선적인 성격을 지닌 것으로 규정되며, 이런 면에서 본고의 입장은 기존의 ‘법과 사회’ 이론 및 법경제학의 입장과 구분된다. 특히 법경제학의 핵심 이론의 하나인 코즈 공리(Coase theorem)를 사회규범의 맥락에서 비판적으로 재해석함으로써, 기존의 법경제학과 합리적 선택론 법사회학의 차이점을 비교해 본다. 마지막으로, 합리적 선택론 법사회학의 접근에 관련되어 풀어야 할 근본적인 이슈 두 가지를 간략하게 언급해 본다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The first purpose of this study is to show that social norm can be interpreted in a rational way. Contractual perspective is emphasized such that social norm belongs to a (set of) Nash equilibrium realized by individually rational strategies. Maximization over extended time periods (at the individual level) is rendered as the key factor from which the rational character of norm (at the social level) is derived. With the overall rational character, however, we claim that social norm inherently conveys a degree of sub-optimality because of the time consistency problem. The second purpose is to introduce some basic notions about the ‘rational choice sociology of law’, and to try to compare this approach with the ‘law and economics’. We discuss about how the Coase theorem can be reinterpreted in terms of social norm, and criticize some limitations of its implications. Each of these points will be discussed in detail both theoretically by using well-defined game-theoretic concepts and empirically by relying on various real life examples including tort principles in the subsequent sections.

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