DNA 데이터베이스 운용의 효과성 검토 및 효과성 제고방안 - 공식범죄통계에 기초한 DNA 데이터베이스 운용효과 추론을 중심으로 = A Study on the Effectiveness of DNA Database Operation and Measures to Improve its Efficiency - Focusing on the inference of the DNA DATABASE operation effect based on official crime statistics

국문 초록 (Abstract)

1988년 미 버지니아 주에서 처음 구축, 운용되기 시작한 DNA 데이터베이스(이하‘DNA DB’)는 2000년대 초를 기점으로 거의 대부분 국가에서 운용되고 있다. 한국 역시지난 2010년 제정된 「디엔에이신원확인정보의 이용 및 보호에 관한 법률」에 근거하여디엔에이신원확인정보 데이터베이스를 구축하고 현재 운영 중이다.
DNA DB 운용효과에 대한 실증 분석 사례들은 공식통계자료 상 검색일치건수 등은DNA DB 운용의 직접적 결과로서 범죄수사의 효율성을 단지 추상적으로 설명하는지표일 뿐, 이것만으로 DNA DB의 운용에 따른 다양한 사회적 변화를 정확히 분석할수 없다고 지적한다. 이에 따라, 양적 평가로서 다양한 실험, 준실험적 방법론에 의하여 DNA DB 운용효과를 분석하려는 시도를 계속하고 있다.
이 연구에서는 먼저 영미 등 주요국가의 DNA DB 운용실태를 한국과 비교하고, DNA DB 운용효과 분석과 관련한 주요 선행 연구사례의 내용과 한계점을 살펴봄으로써, DNA DB 운용효과를 보다 적절히 분석하기 위한 방법론을 도출하였다. 나아가이에 기초하여 현행 디엔에이신원확인정보 데이터베이스의 운용효과를 추론하고, 이를제고하기 위한 정책을 제안한다. 이러한 시도는 단순히 DB 운용에 따른 효과와 문제점을 분석, 파악하고 그 분석결과에 대한 환류를 통해 DNA DB가 지향하는 정책효과를극대화하려는 실무적 의미에 그치지 않고, 재범위험성이 높은 범죄자 집단에 대한 실증적 연구라는 점에서 범죄학 이론등 학문적 이해를 확대할 수 있는 가치를 갖는다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

DNA DB, which was first constructed and operated in Virginia in 1988, has been operated in almost all countries since the early 2000s. INTERPOL conducts a DNA profiling and DNA DB operation-related survey for member countries every two years and publishes the results. According to the Global DNA Profiling Survey Results published in 2019, DNA profiling is being used in criminal investigations in a total of 89 member countries, and DNA DB is in operation in 70 countries.
South Korea also established a DNA identification information database based on the 「Act on the Use and Protection of DNA Identification Information (hereinafter referred to as the DNA Act)」 enacted in 2010 and is currently operating it. Korea's DNA identification information database registers DNA profile information of prisoners and arrested suspects by limiting the scope of registration centered on violent crime groups, which are mainly violent crimes, along with on-the-ground evidence.
As of the end of 2019, a total of 238,377 criminals were registered as of the end of 2019, and 128,075 cases of profile information analyzed from field evidence were registered. Meanwhile, the cumulative number of search matches was 45,737, and the match rate compared to all registered criminals was approximately 20%. Looking at the number of criminals registered in the DNA DB as a percentage of the population, Korea is 0.4%, compared to the UK (7.9%) and France (3.7%) of similar populations, as well as the US (5.5%) and Japan (1%) with large populations. However, despite the limited size of the DNA DB, the operation effect can be positively judged by recording a relatively high match rate, and empirical cases such as resolution of cold cases reported through the media support this.
However, in the empirical analysis cases of the DNA DB operation effect, the number of search matches in the official statistical data is a direct result of the DNA DB operation and is merely an index to abstractly explain the efficiency of the criminal investigation. Point out that social change cannot be accurately analyzed. Accordingly, as a quantitative evaluation, attempts are being made to analyze the DNA DB operation effect by various experimental and semi-experimental methodologies.
In this study, we first compare the DNA DB operation status of major countries such as the United States and the United States with Korea, and examine the contents and limitations of major prior research cases related to the analysis of the DNA DB operation effect. derived. Furthermore, based on this, we infer the operational effect of the current DNA identification information database and propose a policy to improve it.
These attempts are not limited to the practical meaning of maximizing the policy effect that the DNA DB is aiming for by simply analyzing and identifying the effects and problems of DB operation and giving feedback on the results of the analysis. In this respect, it has the value of expanding academic understanding such as criminology theory.