중국 작곡가 시광남(施光南)의 예술가곡에 나타난민족 음악적 특징 = The characteristics of folk music in the art songs of Chinese composer Shi Guangnan

국문 초록 (Abstract)

예술가곡은 20세기 초 서양에서 중국으로 전해진 후, 1949년 중국 건국 초기까지 거의 50여 년간 발전해왔다. 초기의 중국 예술가곡은 주로 느린 속도의 서정 노래를 위주로 하였다. 반면, 음악가 시광남의 출현은 중국 예술가곡을 새로운 단계로 끌어들였는데 서양 예술가곡의 창작 기법과 중국 전통 민간 음악 요소를 융합하면서 중국 민족의 특징이 드러나는 예술가곡을 창조하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 시광남의 예술가곡을 창작 기법, 음악 형태, 창작 사상 등의 관점에서 살펴보고 그의 작품에 담긴 민족 음악적 특징을 도출하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 시광남은 중국 내 여러 소수 민족의 독특한 리듬을 예술가곡의 소재로 활용하였는데 중국 위구르족의 손북과 북방의 로구의 리듬 유형을 완벽하게 결합하여 그의 예술가곡에 녹여낸 것이고 여러 나라, 민족의 민요에서 나타나는 특징의 한 가지인 즌어(衬词)를 활용함으로써 언어가 가진 리듬의 특징을 예술가곡에 담고 자하였다. 둘째, 시광남은 여러 민족의 특징을 담고 있는 선율을 예술가곡에 차용하여 사용했다. 특히 특정 지역에 한정된 것이 아니라 매우 광범위한 중국 대륙 전체에 걸친 여러 민족의 특징을 선율에 담았다. 다이족과 위구르족의 선율을 많이 활용하기는 했다. 셋째, 시광남은 북방 민족과 남방 민족의 음악적 특징을 두루 음악에 담으며 ‘시씨 음조 패턴’(施氏音调)이라는 새로운 체계를 수립하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Chinese composer Shi Guangnan's musical life, especially his art songs, contains profound musical characteristics of the Chinese nation. He has an important position in the development of modern Chinese art songs. From the content of this study, we find that Shi Guangnan's unafraid of difficulties and unyielding will and his love for the Chinese nation are the main driving forces for his success. In the aspect of music creation, he perfectly combined the folk songs of China's ethnic minorities with traditional music, and made flexible use of them in his art songs. At the same time, he also naturally combines artistic elements with popular elements. This is the main reason why his art songs are called "the music of the people". So his art songs can probably be divided into two kinds of ethnic characteristics: The first is the specific ethnic music elements. This is called a "National characteristics in rhythmic patterns". His art songs are characterized by the use of musical styles, culture, living habits of ethnic minorities, etc., By combining with Shi Guangnan's personal musical style. The second is the "Musical melodies with different national characteristics", This model is the combination of the tone, rhythm and melody of southern China and northern China. "Musical melodies with different national characteristics" is to bind all the musical characteristics of the 56 ethnic groups in China in one framework，and he used western composition skills and the music characteristics of Chinese ethnic minorities to make the style of his musical works colorful.
Finally, the perfect fusion of these two modes, he created the "Xi's pattern". This pattern has a lot to do with his accumulation of his social experience and music experience. Because his art songs have beautiful melody, outstanding musical personality, and the characteristics of traditional folk music. Therefore, his art songs are used as vocal music teaching materials by Chinese higher art colleges and universities. His music works span from the 1950s to the early 21st century. He has integrated the musical composition methods and features of these periods. Therefore, his nationalized musical features have had a great influence on the musical creative thoughts and methods of other musicians.
I hope this research can help people better understand and perform Shi Guangnan's art songs，and help the singers and students singing Shi Guangnan's art songs to better sing the feeling of the national cultural connotation and characteristics in the songs.