자유발도르프 학교 교육에 기초한 미술교육방안 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We are living in a convenient and wealthy knowledge-based society thanks to the development of scientific civilization in the 21st century, in the so-called age of information and globalization. In addition to abundant knowledge, the present society which rejects the impersonality and uniformity, while emphasizing diversity, shows features different from the previous ages and requires new type of human being. These phenomena have influenced education to raise the necessity of diverse and new creative teaching at schools.
Among others, it can be said that the ultimate goal of art education is to bring up holistic persons, and to form the basis for sensibility education and increasing creativity through free activities. Thus, this thesis considers the art educational method rooted in Freie Waldorfschule's educational arts, represented by Steiner's educational thoughts arguing that 'art is exactly education itself' and also the origin of all educations, which is getting attention recently. In this respect, Freie Waldorfschule's art education is an effective education for creativity, and it is expected to suggest much to our art education as a model of integrated teaching. Freie Waldorfschule has been systematically operated by unique curricula and teaching methods, etc. and has shown striking contrasts with impersonal and non-holistic aspects of Korean art education, which has been pointed out as problems. Free thoughts and expression in art education advocated by Freie Waldorfschule can increase sensibility and widen creative thinking, as well as can be regarded as good alternatives for self-expression and humanity education.
In chapter 2, the beginning of the text, the problems of our country's art education are considered, and the Freie Waldorfschule's education is presented as an alternative. And to study the school's education in the concrete, in chapter 3 the only differentiated educational features of the school, including 8-year teacher in charge, intensified classes on each period, and eurythmie are examined. And Steiner's life and his thoughts, such as anthroposophy and educational art theory, on which the school's foundation and ideology has been grounded, are explored. Also a theoretical study for the form (Formen), watercolor painting, and handcraft classes, specifically their features, goals, and realities is conducted.
Finally in chapter 4, based on the Freie Waldorfschule's art education stated above, the way to apply the school's educational methods to Korean art education based on the curricula in the 3rd grade of elementary school is considered as a basic direction of this thesis.
It might be not be concluded that the Freie Waldorfschule's methods are always proper to our conditions and realities. If just the technical means of Freie Waldorfschule are imitated at classes while its educational thoughts are not exactly understood, another adverse effects might happen. However, it can not be denied that Freie Waldorfschule's education indicates creative and holistic educational methods. Just, the way how to accept and apply them to our educational realities is up to ourselves. From now on, continuous studies and cooperation will be required to achieve free and creative education in our art education in reality.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제 Ⅰ 장 서 론
• 제 1 절 연구의 목적과 의의 1
• 제 2 절 연구의 내용과 방법 3
• 제 2 장 우리나라 미술교육의 문제제기 및 대안
• 제 1 절 우리나라 미술교육의 문제제기 4
• 제 2 절 대안으로서의 발도르프학교 6
• 제 3 장 자유발도르프 학교의 실제
• 제 1 절 발도르프학교 교육의 특징 9
• 1. 8년 담임제 10
• 2. 주기집중수업 12
• 3. 오이리트미 14
• 제 2 절 발도르프 학교의 설립배경 및 슈타이너 교육사상 16
• 1. 발도르프학교의 설립배경 16
• 2. 슈타이너의 생애 20
• 3. 슈타이너의 인간과 교육에 대한 접근 23
• 1). 인지학적 인간과 예술 23
• 2). 예술로서의 교육 26
• 제 3 절. 발도르프학교의 미술교육 28
• 1. 형태(포르멘) 수업 29
• 1). 형태(포르멘) 수업의 특징 및 목적 29
• 2). 형태(포르멘) 수업의 실제 31
• 2. 수채화 수업 34
• 1). 수채화 수업의 특징 및 목적 34
• 2). 수채화 수업의 실제 36
• 3. 수공예 수업 38
• 1). 수공예 수업의 특징 및 목적 39
• 2). 수공예 수업의 실제 40
• 제 4 장 발도르프학교 교육에 기초한 미술지도 적용방법
• 제 1 절 형태(포르멘)에 기초한 미술교육 적용방법 43
• 제 2 절 수채화에 기초한 미술교육 적용방법 48
• 제 3 절 수공예에 기초한 미술교육 적용방법 51
• 제 5 장 결 론 56
• 참고문헌 59
• ABSTRACT 62