野生觀賞植物의 開發에 關한 硏究(Ⅲ) : 호랑가시나무의 生態 및 形態와 特性 Commuities, Morphologies and characteristics of Ilex cornuta Lind = Studies on the Development of New Ornamental plants originated from wild Shrubs and Trees(Ⅲ)
저자
李偵錫 (全南大學校 農科大學)
발행기관
全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所(INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY)
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1981
작성언어
Korean
KDC
520.5
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
9-32(24쪽)
제공처
With a view of developing into new ornamental trees Ilex cornuta which grow wild in the Southwestern seaside district, the present witer choose as a sample I. cornuta growing in the four natural communities and those cultivated in Kwangju city, and investigated 2nd analyzed the ecology, morphology and characteristics of them, the synthetical results of which are as follows:
1. The natural distribution of I. cornuta is in lat. 35˚43' N. and long. 126˚44E' in the range southwestern part of Korea and in lat. 33˚20' N. and long. 126˚15'E. These areas comply with the following necessary conditions: the annual average temperatur is above 12℃: the coldiness index below -15℃, the annual average relative humidity 75∼80% and number of days withsnow cover 20∼25 days, situated within 20㎞ of coastiline and on less than 200m above sealevel and mainly at the foot of the mountain facing the southeast.
2. I. cornuta communitity is composed of three layers, that is upper layer composed of Pinus thunbergii and P. densiflora, middle layer composed of Eurya japonica var montana, Ilex cornuta and Vaccinium bracteatum, ground vegetation composed of Carex lanceolata and Arundinella hirta var. ciliare. It is at the stage of developemint because it has high species diversity.
3. It is possible to cultivate extensively even in the adreas where the annual average temperature is above 12℃ and the coldness index is below -15℃ if the I. cornuta is artificially taken care of protected.
4. Although I. cornuta is normally the Southern Type of temperate zone where coniferous trees or broad-leaved evergreen trees grow together, it reaches warm temperate zone.
5. Parent rock is acid rock such as gneiss, rhyolite and soil is acid soil of pH 4.5∼5.0 and the content of its available phosphorous is low, therefore I. cornuta adaptates itself well to the area of acid soil.
6. The soil is heavy clay soil anf light clay soil in which clay content is 38.45∼48.59%; accordingly it has high water-holding capacity, so it gives the conditions suitable for the seed germination.
7. The more mature I. cornuta community, the more humus it contains, and as the number of bacteria and fungi is high, the more fertile the more humus it contains, and as the numger of bacteria and fungi is high, the more fertile the soil is the better I. cornuta grow.
8. Leader grows as tall as 17.5㎝(3∼28㎝) during the primary growth period(from the middle of April to the end of May) and as tall as 8.5㎝(0∼28㎝) during the secondary growth period from the end of July to the end of August. Leader which grows taller during the primary period grows less during the secondary period and vice versa. Female tree with fruit grows slow in comparison with male tree.
9. The growth period of leaf corresponds with that of leader and leaf grows 5.1㎝ long(2.8∼8.5㎝) during the primavy period and the leaf number to a branch is 8.5(4∼18㎝) and during the second period the leaf is 3.0㎝ long(2.2∼4.5㎝) and leaf number is 3.5(0∼14)
10. Leaf grows 3.7㎝ wide(1.5∼7.4㎝) and leaf petiole is 0.5㎝ long(0.1∼0.9㎝)
11. The number of spine per a leaf is 5.8(1∼18), and the nearer to the top of a big matured tree, the more the number of spine decreased, and the more damage they suffer, the more the number increases.
12. The flowering time is from the end of April to the beginning of May; flower is rotate, yellowish green in color and fragrant, dioecious, though sometimes monoecious.
13. The leaves continue to attach to the branch for two or three years, and as soon as the leaves turn yellow between the middle of May and the beginning of June. they begin to fall. In this case the leaves which have been stuck to the branch for three years utterly fall but a part of the leaves which have been stuck for two years remain.
14. The fruit-set ratio is remarkably influenced by meterological phenomena and ecophisiological condition and whether fruitful of lean year depends on the circumstance of a particular year.
15. The fruit, after fertilizatian becomes 0.87㎝ long(0.01∼1.13㎝) and 0.8㎝ wide (0.62∼1.05㎝) by the end of May, and it begins to turn red and continues to become ripe from the end of September till the beginning of November and remains unfading until the end of May next year, and with the partial change of the color to black-brown in the beginning of June it begins to fall, but some remain even after three years.
16. As ripe fruit feeds wild birds, it is almost gone during the winter.
17. The height growth averages 10㎝(5∼30㎝) a year and the diameter growth 0.19㎝(0.10∼0.38㎝), the annual ring is not clear. As of 1981 the highest tree is 6m tall and 35㎝ in max. root diameter in Nasanmyeon.
18. The seed acquisition ratio is 24.7%(weight), and the number of seed grains in a fruit averages 3.9 and the seeds weight per one liter is 114.2 gram, while the average weight of 1,000 seeds is 24.56 gram.
19. Seeds, after complete removal of sarcocarp, are buried underground in a fixed temperature and humidity, they begin to strike root in October one year later, and germinate in April two years later. But they don't germinate in the dry plot or the plot naked to the sun. This phenomenan shows that they have the nature of double dormancy eaused by inhibiting material; They are hydrophil and germinate in the dark
20. A seedling grows 10㎝ in stalk-height a year(April-August) with 15 leaves of leaf-length 6.5㎝ and leaf-width 3.0㎝ and with 0∼2㎝ in root diameter.
21. They are strong in sprouting and offshooting ability.
22. They are strong in adaptation capacity to pruning, the shape of tree could be controlled at will.
23. A branch with ripe fruit can be used as a cut flower because they don't wither in three months.
24. I. cornuta is shade, salt, dry tolerant, and have power of resistance to air pollution.
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