단테의 문화적 유산에 관한 보카치오와 페트라르카의 숨겨진 논쟁 = The Hidden Polemic between Boccaccio and Petrarca Concerning Dante's Cultural Legacy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is an attempt to elucidate the meaning of hidden polemic between Petrarch and Boccaccio, which presumably happened in 1350's, and to interpret it in a proper historical terrain. It is well-known that Petrarch and Boccaccio, as the most prominent figures of Trecento Italian literary world, shared the same reverent attitude toward Antiquity and the literary ideal based upon it. But, at least as far as Dante was concerned, they held fast to differing views about how to accept and appraise him within the context of contemporary cultural project. While Boccaccio considered Dante as a pivotal revivor of classical antiquity and at the same time as an ardent advocate of new literature that had put an emphasis on the value and utility of the vernacular, Petrarch underestimated him as one of old generations who could not recognize the new cultural trend based on the Latin tradition, so to speak, humanism. In addition, Boccaccio praised Dante as an activist or statesman, a paragon of model citizen for commonwealth, who actively participated in real political world. Unlike Boccaccio, however, Petrarch interpreted him as a figure who deserted the ideal life of a scholar Petrarch kept in mind, that is 'vita contemplativa.' In short, considering the issues such as 'the vernacular vs. the Latin,' and 'ideal life of the intellectual,' etc., the so-called 'Boccaccio- Petrarch polemic' was a significant incident that set the founding stone for the later Renaissance intellectual history.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본고는 단테의 문학적 위상과 관련된 주제로 1350년대 페트라르카와 보카치오 사이에 벌어진 것으로 추정되는 숨은 논쟁의 실체를 추적하고, 그 의미를 르네상스 지성사라는 보다 긴 역사적 흐름 속에서 해석하려는 시도이다. 주지하다시피 트렌체토 이탈리아 문학계의 양대 거봉으로서 페트라르카와 보카치오는 고전고대에 대한 숭모적 태도와 그에 기초한 문학적 이상을 공유했다. 하지만 적어도 단테에 관한한 그들은 당대의 문화적 프로그램 속에서 그를 어떻게 수용하고 평가해야 하는지에 대해 상반된 견해를 표출했다. 보카치오에게 단테는 고전고대의 부활자이자, 속어의 가치와 효용성을 강조한 새로운 문학 양식의 주창자였다. 하지만 페트라르카는 바로 그 속어문학가였다는 점을 강조하며, 단테를 철저한 라틴 전통에 입각한 새로운 문화적 경향 즉 ‘휴머니즘’의 진정한 의미를 깨닫지 못한 구세대의 인물로 평가했다. 또한 보카치오는 단테를 현실의 문제를 도외시하지 않고 이에 직접 참여했던 활동가이자 정치가, 즉 모범적인 공화국 시민의 전형으로 예찬했다. 하지만 휴머니스트 특유의 ‘관조적·명상적 삶’을 꿈꾸었던 페트라르카는 이를 학자의 이상적 삶을 저버린 것으로 해석했다. 이러한 상반된 단테 해석에서 촉발된 소위 ‘보카치오-페트라르카 논쟁’은 단지 단테에 대한 개인적인 해석의 차이를 넘어, ‘속어 문학 대 라틴 문학의 충돌,’ ‘이상적 지식인의 삶’ 등 이후 전개될 르네상스 지성계의 논쟁적 이슈들을 담고 있는 의미 있는 사건이었다.

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